Great Depression - Britain leaves the gold standard, and the pound sterling depreciates by 25%
Time: Monday Sep 21, 1931
Place: London, England, United Kingdom
Details: Britain leaves the gold standard, and the pound sterling depreciates by 25%. Despite warning of disaster, the departure proves beneficial to the British economy, as exports become more competitive. Additionally, the Bank of England was now free to engage in money creation, and reduced interest rates from 6.00% to 2.00%.
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May, 1926 - United Kingdom
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Winston Churchill-Churchill resigned from the Conservative Shadow Cabinet
Jan, 1931 - England, United Kingdom
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Winston Churchill-The government called the January 1910 general election
Jan, 1910 - United Kingdom
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Winston Churchill-Churchill warned the government against appeasement and called for collective action to deter German aggression
1938 - London, England, United Kingdom
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Monday Jan 30, 1933 - London, England, United Kingdom
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Winston Churchill-Baldwin appointed him as Chancellor of the Exchequer
Thursday Nov 6, 1924 - London, England, United Kingdom
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Winston Churchill-Churchill controversially albeit reluctantly restored the gold standard in his first budget at its 1914 parity
Apr, 1925 - England, United Kingdom
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Winston Churchill-People's Budget
Thursday Apr 29, 1909 - England, United kingdom
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1991 - Downing Street, London, England
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Great Depression-Ramsay MacDonald's Labor government raising taxes
Aug, 1931 - London, England, United Kingdom
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Wednesday Mar 28, 1945 - United Kingdom
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Winston Churchill-Churchill became Under-Secretary of State for the Colonial Office
1900s - England, United Kingdom
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Winston Churchill-Churchill's first tasks as a minister
1900s - England, United Kingdom
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Winston Churchill-Churchill arrived home
Sunday Feb 7, 1943 - United Kingdom
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Winston Churchill-Balfour resigned as Prime Minister and King Edward VII
Monday Dec 4, 1905 - London, England, United Kingdom
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Winston Churchill-Asquith agreed under parliamentary pressure to form an all-party coalition government
May, 1915 - London, England, United Kingdom
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Winston Churchill-Baldwin resigned and was succeeded as Prime Minister by Neville Chamberlain
Friday May 28, 1937 - London, England, United Kingdom
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Winston Churchill-Churchill declared war on Japan
Dec, 1941 - England, United Kingdom
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Winston Churchill-British and American governments concluded the Destroyers for Bases Agreement
Sep, 1940 - London, England, United Kingdom
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Winston Churchill-Churchill returned to Britain
Thursday Jun 25, 1942 - United Kingdom
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Winston Churchill-Asquith called a War Council
Nov, 1914 - London, England, United Kingdom
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Winston Churchill-Asquith resigned as Prime Minister and was succeeded by Lloyd George
Wednesday Dec 6, 1916 - London, England, United Kingdom
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Winston Churchill-Churchill was involved in negotiations with Sinn Féin leaders
Dec, 1921 - London, England, United Kingdom
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Winston Churchill-Vyacheslav Molotov arrived in London
Wednesday May 20, 1942 - London, England, United Kingdom
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Winston Churchill-MacDonald resigned and was replaced as Prime Minister by Baldwin
Friday Jun 7, 1935 - London, England, United Kingdom
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Winston Churchill-Balfour's government announced protectionist legislation
Oct, 1903 - London, England, United Kingdom
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Winston Churchill-Churchill became Secretary of State for the Colonies
Feb, 1921 - England, United Kingdom
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Winston Churchill-Churchill resigned as Prime Minister
Wednesday May 23, 1945 - England, United Kingdom
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Winston Churchill-Churchill contacted Roosevelt
Wednesday May 27, 1942 - United Kingdom
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Winston Churchill-Churchill made a statement that created a famous nickname
Tuesday Aug 20, 1940 - England, United Kingdom
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Winston Churchill-Churchill was appointed President of the Board of Trade
Wednesday Apr 8, 1908 - London, England, United Kingdom
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Winston Churchill-Churchill again became Prime Minister
Friday Oct 26, 1951 - London, England, United Kingdom
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Winston Churchill-Lloyd George called a general election with voting
Saturday Dec 14, 1918 - London, England, United Kingdom

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Winston Churchill-Churchill ordered the formation of both the Special Operations Executive (SOE) and the Commandos
Jun, 1940 - England, United Kingdom
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Winston Churchill-Churchill retired as Prime Minister
Tuesday Apr 5, 1955 - England, United Kingdom

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George Washington-Royal Proclamation of 1763
1763 - United Kingdom
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Marcus Garvey-Moving to London
Mar, 1935 - London, England, United Kingdom
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Carlos the Jackal-Failed assassination
Sunday Dec 30, 1973 - Queen's Grove, St John's Wood, London, United Kingdom

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Marcus Garvey-Sister joined him in London
Aug, 1912 - London, England, United Kingdom

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Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh-Philip spent four months on the battleship HMS Ramillies
Jan, 1940 - United Kingdom
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
Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh-Promotion to lieutenant
Thursday Jul 16, 1942 - United Kingdom
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X-ray-The first to unknowingly produce X-ray
1785 - London, England, United Kingdom
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Brexit-Prime Minister May announced that the next vote on the withdrawal agreement
Sunday Feb 24, 2019 - United Kingdom
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Winston Churchill-Churchill stood as an independent anti-socialist candidate in the Westminster Abbey by-election
Wednesday Mar 19, 1924 - England, United Kingdom
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Catherine, Duchess of Cambridge-The Duchess of Cambridge
Saturday Apr 30, 2011 - London, England, U.K.
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Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh-Philip became the first lieutenant of HMS Wallace
Oct, 1942 - United Kingdom
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Winston Churchill-Churchill and Clementine Hozier married
Sep, 1908 - London, England, United Kingdom
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Edward VIII-Coronation of Queen Elizabeth II
Tuesday Jun 2, 1953 - Westminster Abbey, London, England, United Kingdom
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Prince Harry-Opening the Field of Remembrance
Thursday Nov 6, 2014 - Westminster Abbey, London, England
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Princess Margaret, Countess of Snowdon-Snowdon married Lucy Lindsay-Hogg
Friday Dec 15, 1978 - England, United Kingdom
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Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh-Diana's funeral
Friday Sep 5, 1997 - London, England, United Kingdom
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Elizabeth Woodville-A Queen
Friday May 26, 1465 - Westminster Abbey, London, England, United Kingdom
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Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh-Philip and Elizabeth were married in a ceremony at Westminster Abbey
Thursday Nov 20, 1947 - Westminster Abbey, London, England, United Kingdom
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Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh-Coronation of Queen Elizabeth II
Tuesday Jun 2, 1953 - Westminster Abbey, London, England, United Kingdom
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Princess Margaret, Countess of Snowdon-Margaret's first main public appearance at her uncle Prince George's wedding
Friday Oct 12, 1934 - London, England, United Kingdom
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Princess Margaret, Countess of Snowdon-State memorial service
Friday Apr 19, 2002 - Westminster Abbey, London, England, United Kingdom
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Winston Churchill-Coronation of Elizabeth II
Tuesday Jun 2, 1953 - London, England, United Kingdom
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Princess Margaret, Countess of Snowdon-Margaret married Armstrong-Jones
Friday May 6, 1960 - London, England, United Kingdom
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Princess Margaret, Countess of Snowdon-Llewellyn married Tatiana Soskin
1981 - England, United Kingdom
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Winston Churchill-Churchill immediately pledged loyalty to George VI
Friday Dec 11, 1936 - London, England, United Kingdom
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Prince William-The Wedding
Friday Apr 29, 2011 - Westminster Abbey, London, United Kingdom
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Princess Margaret, Countess of Snowdon-Elizabeth's wedding
Thursday Nov 20, 1947 - London, England, United Kingdom
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Prince Harry-Staff Officer Role
Friday Jan 17, 2014 - Horse Guards, London, England
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Angelina Jolie-A Generous Donation
Sep, 2021 - London, England, U.K.
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Brexit-EC membership referendum of 1975
Thursday Jun 5, 1975 - United Kingdom
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United Nations-First meetings of the General Assembly
Thursday Jan 10, 1946 - London, England, United Kingdom
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The palace of Westminster England-A Car bomb
Friday Mar 30, 1979 - London, England, United Kingdom
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Theresa May-Largest majority against a United Kingdom government in history
Tuesday Jan 15, 2019 - England
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Penicillin-The idea of using mold as a form of medical treatment was recorded by apothecaries
1640 - England, United Kingdom
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The palace of Westminster England-The North Wall of Westminster Hall is undergoing restoration
Oct, 2012 - London, England, United Kingdom
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The palace of Westminster England-Westminster Hall erected
1097 - London, England, United Kingdom
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Princess Margaret, Countess of Snowdon-Townsend returned United Kingdom
Mar, 1958 - United Kingdom
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The palace of Westminster England-Bomb planted by the Provisional IRA
Monday Jun 17, 1974 - London, England, United Kingdom
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The palace of Westminster England-King George VI opened the new chamber in a ceremony which took place in Westminster Hall
Thursday Oct 26, 1950 - London, England, United Kingdom
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The palace of Westminster England-Simon de Montfort's parliament
Tuesday Jan 20, 1265 - Westminster Hall, London, England, United Kingdom
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The palace of Westminster England-The new roof was commissioned
1393 - London, England, United Kingdom
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The palace of Westminster England-British Parliaments
1707 - Westminster Hall, London, England, United Kingdom
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The palace of Westminster England-Model Parliament
1295 - Westminster Hall, London, England, United Kingdom
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Chocolate-The expansion of the cacao beans Pantation
2nd Millenium - England, France and Netherlands
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Winston Churchill-Churchill agreed with Conservative leader Stanley Baldwin that he would be selected as a Conservative candidate in the next general election
Jul, 1924 - England, United Kingdom
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Tony Blair-Resignation
Wednesday Jun 27, 2007 - England
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Theresa May-First female Chairman of the Conservative Party
Tuesday Jul 23, 2002 - England
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Theresa May-Confirmed of Resignation
Friday May 24, 2019 - England
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Winston Churchill-Churchill had won the doubters over and his successor as party leader was a formality
Thursday May 9, 1940 - London, England, United Kingdom
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Theresa May-Leader of the Conservative Party
Monday Jul 11, 2016 - England
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Theresa May-Announcement her candidacy for the leadership of the Conservative Party
Thursday Jun 30, 2016 - England
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John Abernethy Birth
Tuesday Apr 3, 1764 - London
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Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh-Philip was flotilla leader HMS Wallace
Jun, 1942 - United Kingdom
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The palace of Westminster England-Big Ben
1859 - London, England, United Kingdom
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Winston Churchill-Asquith appointed Churchill First Lord of the Admiralty
Oct, 1911 - London, England, United Kingdom
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Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh-Philip returned to Britain
Sep, 1939 - London, England, United Kingdom
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Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh-Philip was promoted to commander
Monday Jun 30, 1952 - United Kingdom
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Winston Churchill-Churchill was tasked with overseeing Britain's naval effort when the First World War began
Aug, 1914 - London, England, United Kingdom
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Winston Churchill-Churchill assumed full responsibility for Britain's aerial defense
Sep, 1914 - London, England, United Kingdom
On This Day - 21 September
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Mozart-A new baby and a new house
Tuesday Sep 21, 1784 - Vienna, Austria
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Red Summer-Ephram Gethers was shot
Sunday Sep 21, 1919 - New York City, New York, U.S.
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Francisco Franco-A Detour to free the besieged garrison at the Alcázar of Toledo
Monday Sep 21, 1936 - Toledo, Spain
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Francisco Franco-Commander-in-chief and head of government
Monday Sep 21, 1936 - Spain
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Spanish Civil War-Franco was chosen as chief military commander at a meeting of ranking generals
Monday Sep 21, 1936 - Salamanca, Spain
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World War II-Cash and Carry
Thursday Sep 21, 1939 - Washington D.C., U.S.
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The Holocaust-Letter from Reinhard Heydrich to the Einsatzgruppen
Thursday Sep 21, 1939 - Germany
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First Indochina War-Sir Douglas Gracey proclaimed martial law
Friday Sep 21, 1945 - French Indochina (Now Vietnam)
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Iran–Iraq War-Iraqi Air Force Launched Surprise Air Strikes
Sunday Sep 21, 1980 - Iran
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Iran–Iraq War-Starting The Battle of Khorramshahr
Sunday Sep 21, 1980 - Khorramshahr, Khuzestan Province, Iran
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Ruhollah Khomeini-War with Iraq
Sunday Sep 21, 1980 - Iran
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Vodafone-Verizon Wireless
Tuesday Sep 21, 1999 - New York, U.S.
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Richard Branson-Branson pledged to invest the profits of Virgin Atlantic and Virgin Trains in research for environmentally-friendly fuels
Thursday Sep 21, 2006 - England, United Kingdom
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Financial crisis of 2007–2008-Goldman Sachs and Morgan Stanley converted themselves from investment banks to bank holding companies to increase their protection by the Federal Reserve
Sunday Sep 21, 2008 - U.S.
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Garry Kasparov-A 12-game match
Monday Sep 21, 2009 - Valencia, Spain
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HTC-Google acquire 4000 employees
Thursday Sep 21, 2017 - Mountain View, California, U.S.
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Java (programming language)-Java SE 9
Thursday Sep 21, 2017 - California, U.S.
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Philip Howard Birth
Friday Sep 21, 1629 - London
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Polyxena of Hesse Birth
Tuesday Sep 21, 1706 - Hesse
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Ivan Dmitriev Birth
Sunday Sep 21, 1760 - Simbirsk
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John Coen's death
Friday Sep 21, 1629 - East-Indies
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Jacob Lustig Birth
Tuesday Sep 21, 1706 - Hamburg
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Gaetano Valeri Birth
Sunday Sep 21, 1760 - Padua
September 1931
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Anna May Wong-Daughter of the Dragon
Saturday Sep 5, 1931 - U.S.
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Lucky Luciano-"Night of the Sicilian Vespers"
Thursday Sep 10, 1931 - Manhattan, New York, U.S.
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Second Sino-Japanese War-Japan invaded Manchuria
Friday Sep 18, 1931 - Manchuria, China
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Anna May Wong-Mukden Incident
Sep, 1931 - Inner Manchuria, China
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League of Nations-Mukden Incident
Friday Sep 18, 1931 - China
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World War II-Mukden Incident
Friday Sep 18, 1931 - Manchuria, China
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World War II-China appealed to the League of Nations
Tuesday Sep 22, 1931 - Geneva, Switzerland
1931
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Francisco Franco-Director of the Zaragoza Military Academy in 1931
1931 - Zaragoza, Spain
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David Ben-Gurion-The house
1931 - Tel Aviv, Palestine, now Israel
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Chinese Civil War-Japan's invasion and occupation of Manchuria
1931 - China
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Hirohito-The Mukden Incident
1931 - Inner Manchuria, China
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Lucky Luciano-Five Families
1931 - New York, U.S.
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Heinrich Himmler-Appointing Reinhard Heydrich
1931 - Germany
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Igor Stravinsky-The Stravinskys moved to Voreppe
1931 - Voreppe, France
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Edward VIII-A 18,000 miles tour
1931 - South America and France
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Winston Churchill-Churchill resigned from the Conservative Shadow Cabinet
Jan, 1931 - England, United Kingdom
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Joseph Goebbels-Reichstag changed the immunity regulations
Feb, 1931 - Berlin, Germany
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Mikhail Gorbachev-Birth
Monday Mar 2, 1931 - Privolnoye, Stavropol Krai, Russia
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Anna May Wong-The Good Earth
Monday Mar 2, 1931 - U.S.
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Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi-The Gandhi–Irwin Pact
Thursday Mar 5, 1931 - London, England
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St. Patrick's Day-First official, state-sponsored St Patrick's Day parade
Tuesday Mar 17, 1931 - Dublin Ireland
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Charles de Gaulle-de Gaulle once again asked Pétain for a posting to the École de Guerre
1931 - Beirut, Lebanon
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Spanish Civil War-General Dámaso Berenguer
Sunday Apr 12, 1931 - Spain
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Spanish Civil War-Second Spanish Republic
Tuesday Apr 14, 1931 - Spain
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Lucky Luciano-Masseria assassination
Wednesday Apr 15, 1931 - Brooklyn, New York, U.S.
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Spanish Civil War-The provisional government
Apr, 1931 - Spain
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Spanish Civil War-An Incident
May, 1931 - Spain
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Great Depression-Creditanstalt becomes insolvent
Monday May 11, 1931 - Vienna, Austria
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Mother Teresa-First Religious vows
Sunday May 24, 1931 - Darjeeling, in the lower Himalayas, India
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Francisco Franco-Military Academy closed
Jun, 1931 - Zaragoza, Spain
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Great Depression-Federal Reserve's federal funds rate bottoms out at 1.5%
May, 1931 - Eccles Building, Washington, D.C., U.S.
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Ho Chi Minh-Quốc (Ho) was arrested
Jun, 1931 - Hong Kong
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Raúl Castro-Born
Wednesday Jun 3, 1931 - Birán, Cuba


Great Depression-Of the 193 state-chartered banks in the Chicago area in 1929, only 35 would survive to the end of 1933
Jun, 1931 - Chicago, Illinois, U.S.
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Spanish Civil War-the Confederación Nacional del Trabajo
Jun, 1931 - Sevilla, Spain
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
W. E. B. Du Bois-Scottsboro Boys
1931 - Alabama, U.S.

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Great Depression-Hoover Moratorium is issued
Saturday Jun 20, 1931 - U.S.
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Great Depression-The Reichsbank loses 840 million marks in less than 3 weeks
Jul, 1931 - Berlin, Germany
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Disasters with highest death tolls-1931 China Floods
1931 - China
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Great Depression-Danatbank becomes insolvent
Monday Jul 13, 1931 - Darmstadt, Germany


Nikola Tesla-Tesla won Cross Cross of the Order of the Yugoslav Crown
1931 - Yugoslavia
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Great Depression-Ramsay MacDonald's Labor government raising taxes
Aug, 1931 - London, England, United Kingdom

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Hirohito-The Deputy Minister of the Japanese Army instructed not to use the term "prisoners of war" for Chinese captives
Wednesday Aug 5, 1931 - Tokyo, Japan
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Wind turbine-Modern horizontal-axis
1931 - USSR (Present Day Russia)
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Anna May Wong-Daughter of the Dragon
Saturday Sep 5, 1931 - U.S.

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Lucky Luciano-"Night of the Sicilian Vespers"
Thursday Sep 10, 1931 - Manhattan, New York, U.S.


Second Sino-Japanese War-Japan invaded Manchuria
Friday Sep 18, 1931 - Manchuria, China
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Anna May Wong-Mukden Incident
Sep, 1931 - Inner Manchuria, China
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
League of Nations-Mukden Incident
Friday Sep 18, 1931 - China
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World War II-Mukden Incident
Friday Sep 18, 1931 - Manchuria, China
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World War II-China appealed to the League of Nations
Tuesday Sep 22, 1931 - Geneva, Switzerland
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Spanish Civil War-Manuel Azaña became prime minister of a minority government
Oct, 1931 - Spain

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Winston Churchill-October 1931 general election was a landslide victory for the Conservatives Churchill nearly doubled his majority in Epping
Tuesday Oct 27, 1931 - Epping, England, United Kingdom
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Great Depression-The United Kingdom General election 1931
Tuesday Oct 27, 1931 - London, England, United Kingdom


Charles de Gaulle-De Gaulle was posted as a "drafting officer"
Nov, 1931 - France


Spanish Civil War-Government tried to assist rural Spain by instituting an eight-hour day and redistributing land tenure to farm workers
1931 - Spain
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Diving horse-Lost their balance
1931 - U.S.


Winston Churchill-Commons debated Dominion Status for India
Thursday Dec 3, 1931 - London, England, United Kingdom


Spanish Civil War-Spanish Constitution of 1931
Wednesday Dec 9, 1931 - Spain
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
Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh-The family separated
1931 - England, United Kingdom


Winston Churchill-Churchill was crossing Fifth Avenue in New York City
Sunday Dec 13, 1931 - New York City, New York, U.S.


Joseph Goebbels-Goebbels and Quandt married
Saturday Dec 19, 1931 - Germany
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Great Depression-The 1931 recession
1931 - U.S.