On This Day - What happened 10 July

Hadrian died in the year 138 on 10 July, in his villa at Baiae at the age of 62.

Charlemagne or Charles the Great, numbered Charles I, was King of the Lombards from 774.

In May 1898, Nadya joined him in exile, having been arrested in August 1896 for organising a strike. She was initially posted to Ufa, but persuaded the authorities to move her to Shushenskoye, claiming that she and Lenin were engaged; they married in a church on 10 July 1898.

A white race riot in Longview, Texas led to the deaths of at least 4 men and destroyed the African-American housing district in the town.

On 10 July 1921, the IRA ambushed British forces in Raglan street in Belfast.

The Battle of Britain began in early July with Luftwaffe attacks on shipping and harbors. The United Kingdom rejected Hitler's ultimatum, and the German air superiority campaign started in August but failed to defeat RAF Fighter Command, forcing the indefinite postponement of the proposed German invasion of Britain. The Battle lasted from 10 July to 31 October.

During the summer, the Axis made significant gains into Soviet territory, inflicting immense losses in both personnel and materiel. By mid-August, however, the German Army High Command decided to suspend the offensive of a considerably depleted Army Group Centre, and to divert the 2nd Panzer Group to reinforce troops advancing towards central Ukraine and Leningrad. The First Battle of Smolensk was fought around the city of Smolensk between 10 July and 10 September 1941, about 400 km (250 mi) west of Moscow.

During the Jedwabne pogrom on 10 July 1941, a group of Poles in Jedwabne killed the town's Jewish community, many of whom were burned alive in a barn. The attack may have been engineered by the German Security Police.

The Allied invasion of Sicily, code named Operation Husky, the operation begun 9 July and ended 17 August 1943.

The engagement was announced to the public on 10 July 1947.

The Khait or Hoit landslide occurred on July 10, 1949 in the Hoit district in the Gharm Oblast in the Tajikistan, then part of the Soviet Union. The landslide was triggered by the 1949 Khait earthquake and buried 33 villages and has by some estimates killed 28,000 people.

For the remainder of the war the UN and the PVA/KPA fought but exchanged little territory, as the stalemate held. Large-scale bombing of North Korea continued, and protracted armistice negotiations began on 10 July 1951 at Kaesong, an ancient capital of North Korea located in PVA/KPA held territory.

Françoise Bettencourt Meyers was born in Neuilly-sur-Seine, France on July 10, 1953.

Pelé retired from Brazilian club football although he continued to occasionally play for Santos in official competitive matches. Two years later, he came out of semi-retirement to sign with the New York Cosmos of the North American Soccer League (NASL) for the 1975 season.

Tupolev Tu-154B-2, Aeroflot Flight 7425, on a domestic Karshi–Ufa–Leningrad route on July 10, 1985, crashed near Uchkuduk, Uzbek SSR, Soviet Union, on the second leg of its route. All 191 passengers and 9 crew were killed. An investigation concluded that the plane went down due to pilot error. The aircrew used an inappropriately low airspeed, causing vibrations that they incorrectly interpreted as engine surges. As a result, they further reduced engine power, causing the aircraft to stall and crash

The 1998 World Cup was held in France, and had an expanded format featuring 32 teams.

In 2001, Zidane joined Real Madrid for a world record fee of 150 billion Italian lire, (about €77.5 million by fixed exchange rate; a reported 12.8 billion pesetas) in instalments, and signed a four-year contract.

In July 2001, J. Cofer Black, CIA's couterterrorism chief and George Tenet, CIA's director, met with Condoleezza Rice, the National Security Advisor, to inform her about communications intercepts and other top-secret intelligence showing the increasing likelihood that al-Qaeda would soon attack the United States. Rice listened but was unconvinced, having other priorities on which to focus. Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld questioned the information suggesting it was a deception meant to gauge the U.S. response.

On July 10, 2004, Papa John's controlled an estimated 6.6% of the market, according to Technomic.

In July 2006, Modi criticised Prime Minister Manmohan Singh " for his reluctance to revive anti-terror legislation" such as the 2002 Prevention of Terrorism Act. He asked the national government to allow states to invoke tougher laws in the wake of the 2006 Mumbai train bombings.

The iOS App Store was opened on July 10, 2008, with an initial 500 applications available.

In July 2010, however, he was stripped of this title by new president Sandro Rosell.

James officially signed with the Heat on July 10, 2010.

On 11 July 2015, Iwata died from a bile duct tumor at the age of 55. Following his death, representative directors Genyo Takeda and Shigeru Miyamoto jointly led the company on an interim basis until the appointment of Tatsumi Kimishima as Iwata's successor on 16 September 2015. In addition to Kimishima's appointment, the company's management organization was also restructured—Miyamoto was named "Creative Fellow" and Takeda was named "Technology Fellow".

On July 10, 2015, Pao resigned as CEO and was replaced by Reddit co-founder Steve Huffman.

"Kings Never Die" by Eminem featuring Gwen Stefani, was released on July 10, 2015 on YouTube via Eminem's Vevo account.

Pao's departure on July 10, 2015, led to Huffman's return as the company's chief executive.

After eight days of transfer speculation concerning Italian club Juventus, on 10 July 2018, Ronaldo signed a four-year contract with them after completing a €100 million transfer, which included an additional €12 million in other fees and solidarity contributions to Ronaldo's youth clubs. The transfer was the highest ever for a player over 30 years old, and the highest ever paid by an Italian club.

The remaining four boys and their coach were rescued. It was later confirmed that all of the rescue divers had also successfully exited the cave.

On 10 July, Argentina defeated hosts Brazil 1–0 in the final, giving Messi his first major international title and Argentina's first since 1993, as well as his nation's joint record 15th Copa América overall.

Roger Cotes, an English mathematician, was born in Burbage, England.

The German Lutheran missionary to India, Bartholomus Ziegenbalg, was born in Pulsnitz.

Dutch vice admiral Jan van Brakel died in battle at the age of 48.

The monument to George Frideric Handel was unveiled at the abbey.

Louis XIV of France declared war on the Kingdom of Great Britain during the American Revolution.

Austrian composer and royal chaplain master Sigismund von Neukomm was born in Salzburg in 1778.

Richard of York defeated Henry VI at the Battle of Northampton in the Wars of Roses.

William I "the Silent", Earl of Nassau, was killed in his home in Holland at the age of 51.