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  • Pisa, Italy
    1280
    Leaning Tower of Pisa

    Surviving an Earthquake

    Pisa, Italy
    1280

    At least four strong earthquakes hit the region since 1280, but the apparently vulnerable Tower survived. The reason was not understood until a research group of 16 engineers investigated. The researchers concluded that the Tower was able to withstand the tremors because of dynamic soil-structure interaction (DSSI): the height and stiffness of the Tower, together with the softness of the foundation soil, influence the vibrational characteristics of the structure in such a way that the Tower does not resonate with earthquake ground motion. The same soft soil that caused the leaning and brought the Tower to the verge of collapse helped it survive.




  • Spiez, Switzerland
    1280
    Spiez Castle

    The castle was listed as an Imperial fief under Vogt Richard de Corbières

    Spiez, Switzerland
    1280

    By 1280, the castle was listed as an Imperial fief under Vogt Richard de Corbières.




  • (Present-Day in Iraq)
    1280 BC
    Assyria

    Battle of Kār Ištar

    (Present-Day in Iraq)
    1280 BC

    Adad-nirari I inflicted a crushing defeat on Babylonia at the Battle of Kār Ištar, annexing large swathes of Babylonian territory. Hittite kings during his reign assumed a placatory attitude towards the Assyrian king.




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