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  • France
    1805
    Napoleon

    Napoleon's planned invasion of the United Kingdom

    France
    1805

    The main strategic idea involved the French Navy escaping from the British blockades of Toulon and Brest and threatening to attack the West Indies. In the face of this attack, it was hoped, the British would weaken their defense of the Western Approaches by sending ships to the Caribbean, allowing a combined Franco-Spanish fleet to take control of the channel long enough for French armies to cross and invade.




  • United Kingdom
    Apr, 1805
    Napoleon

    Britain had also signed an alliance with Russia

    United Kingdom
    Apr, 1805

    By April 1805, Britain had also signed an alliance with Russia.




  • Cathedral of Milan, Italy
    Sunday May 26, 1805
    Napoleon

    Napoleon was also crowned King of Italy

    Cathedral of Milan, Italy
    Sunday May 26, 1805

    Napoleon was also crowned King of Italy, with the Iron Crown of Lombardy, at the Cathedral of Milan on 26 May 1805.




  • France
    1805
    Napoleon

    Grande Armée had grown to a force of 350,000 men

    France
    1805

    By 1805, the Grande Armée had grown to a force of 350,000 men, who were well equipped, well trained, and led by competent officers.




  • Egypt
    1805
    Muhammad Ali of Egypt

    Replacement Request

    Egypt
    1805

    In 1805, a group of prominent Egyptians led by the ulema (scholars, savants) demanded the replacement of Wāli (viceroy) Khurshid Ahmad Pasha by Muhammad Ali, and the Ottomans yielded.




  • Off Cape Finisterre, Atlantic Ocean
    Monday Jul 22, 1805
    Napoleon

    Battle of Cape Finisterre (1805)

    Off Cape Finisterre, Atlantic Ocean
    Monday Jul 22, 1805

    However, the plan unraveled after the British victory at the Battle of Cape Finisterre in July 1805. French Admiral Villeneuve then retreated to Cádiz instead of linking up with French naval forces at Brest for an attack on the English Channel.




  • Hejaz region
    1805
    Muhammad Ali of Egypt

    Muhammad Ali captured the Hejaz region

    Hejaz region
    1805

    Muhammad Ali's first military campaign was an expedition into the Arabian Peninsula. The holy cities of Mecca and Medina had been captured by the House of Saud, who had recently embraced a literalist Hanbali interpretation of Islam. Armed with their newfound religious zeal, the Saudis began conquering parts of Arabia. This culminated in the capture of the Hejaz region by 1805.


  • Istanbul, Turkey
    1805
    Ibrahim Pasha of Egypt

    Ibrahim sent as a hostage to the Ottoman captain Pasha

    Istanbul, Turkey
    1805

    In 1805, during his father's struggle to establish himself as ruler of Egypt, the adolescent Ibrahim, at 16, was sent as a hostage to the Ottoman captain Pasha.


  • Central Europe
    Wednesday Sep 25, 1805
    Napoleon

    200,000 French troops began to cross the Rhine

    Central Europe
    Wednesday Sep 25, 1805

    On 25 September, after great secrecy and feverish marching, 200,000 French troops began to cross the Rhine on a front of 260 km (160 mi).


  • Ulm, Electorate of Bavaria (Present Day Ulm, Germany)
    Wednesday Oct 16, 1805
    Napoleon

    Battle of Ulm

    Ulm, Electorate of Bavaria (Present Day Ulm, Germany)
    Wednesday Oct 16, 1805

    Austrian commander Karl Mack had gathered the greater part of the Austrian army at the fortress of Ulm in Swabia. Napoleon swung his forces to the southeast and the Grande Armée performed an elaborate wheeling movement that outflanked the Austrian positions. The Ulm Maneuver completely surprised General Mack, who belatedly understood that his army had been cut off. After some minor engagements that culminated in the Battle of Ulm, Mack finally surrendered after realizing that there was no way to break out of the French encirclement. For just 2,000 French casualties, Napoleon had managed to capture a total of 60,000 Austrian soldiers through his army's rapid marching.


  • Central Europe
    Sunday Oct 20, 1805
    Napoleon

    Ulm Campaign ended

    Central Europe
    Sunday Oct 20, 1805

    The Ulm Campaign is generally regarded as a strategic masterpiece and was influential in the development of the Schlieffen Plan in the late 19th century.


  • Austerlitz, Moravia, Holy Roman Empire (now Slavkov u Brna, Czech Republic)
    Monday Dec 2, 1805
    Holy Roman Empire

    Battle of the Three Emperors

    Austerlitz, Moravia, Holy Roman Empire (now Slavkov u Brna, Czech Republic)
    Monday Dec 2, 1805

    The Battle of Austerlitz (2 December 1805/11 Frimaire An XIV FRC), also known as the Battle of the Three Emperors, was one of the most important and decisive engagements of the Napoleonic Wars. In what is widely regarded as the greatest victory achieved by Napoleon, the Grande Armée of France defeated a larger Russian and Austrian army led by Emperor Alexander I and Holy Roman Emperor Francis II. The battle occurred near the town of Austerlitz in the Austrian Empire (modern-day Slavkov u Brna in the Czech Republic). Austerlitz brought the War of the Third Coalition to a rapid end, with the Treaty of Pressburg signed by the Austrians later in the month. The battle is often cited as a tactical masterpiece, in the same league as other historic engagements like Cannae or Gaugamela.


  • Austerlitz, Moravia, Austrian Empire (Present Day Slavkov u Brna, Czech Republic)
    Monday Dec 2, 1805
    Napoleon

    Battle of Austerlitz

    Austerlitz, Moravia, Austrian Empire (Present Day Slavkov u Brna, Czech Republic)
    Monday Dec 2, 1805

    At this critical juncture, both Tsar Alexander I and Holy Roman Emperor Francis II decided to engage Napoleon in battle, despite reservations from some of their subordinates. Napoleon sent his army north in pursuit of the Allies, but then ordered his forces to retreat so that he could feign a grave weakness. At the Battle of Austerlitz, in Moravia on 2 December, he deployed the French army below the Pratzen Heights and deliberately weakened his right flank, enticing the Allies to launch a major assault there in the hopes of rolling up the whole French line.


  • Pressburg (Present Day Bratislava, Hungary)
    Thursday Dec 26, 1805
    Napoleon

    Peace of Pressburg (1805)

    Pressburg (Present Day Bratislava, Hungary)
    Thursday Dec 26, 1805

    The Allied disaster at Austerlitz significantly shook the faith of Emperor Francis in the British-led war effort. France and Austria agreed to an armistice immediately and the Treaty of Pressburg followed shortly after on 26 December.


  • Bratislava
    1805
    Holy Roman Empire

    Treaty of Pressburg

    Bratislava
    1805

    The fourth Peace of Pressburg (also known as the Treaty of Pressburg) was signed on 27 December 1805 between Napoleon and Holy Roman Emperor Francis II as a consequence of the French victories over the Austrians at Ulm (25 September – 20 October) and Austerlitz (2 December). A truce was agreed on 4 December, and negotiations for the treaty began. The treaty was signed in Pressburg (today's Bratislava), Hungary, by Johann I Josef, Prince of Liechtenstein, and the Hungarian Count Ignác Gyulay for the Austrian Empire and Charles Maurice de Talleyrand for France.


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