Historydraft LogoHistorydraft Logo
Historydraft
beta
Historydraft Logo
Historydraft
beta

  • Guangzhou, China
    1895
    Xinhai Revolution

    The Revive China Society Planned The First Guangzhou Uprising

    Guangzhou, China
    1895

    In the spring of 1895, the Revive China Society, which was based in Hong Kong, planned the First Guangzhou Uprising. Lu Haodong was tasked with designing the revolutionaries' Blue Sky with a White Sun flag.




  • South Africa
    1895
    Second Boer War

    President Paul Kruger re-equipped the Transvaal army

    South Africa
    1895

    President Paul Kruger re-equipped the Transvaal army, importing 37,000 of the latest Mauser Model 1895 rifles, and some 40 to 50 million rounds of ammunition.




  • South Africa
    1895
    Second Boer War

    Plan was hatched

    South Africa
    1895

    In 1895, a plan was hatched with the connivance of the Cape Prime Minister Cecil Rhodes and Johannesburg gold magnate Alfred Beit to take Johannesburg, ending the control of the Transvaal government. A column of 600 armed men (mainly made up of his Rhodesian and Bechuanaland British South Africa Policemen) was led by Dr. Leander Starr Jameson (the Administrator in Rhodesia of the British South Africa Company (or Chartered Company) of which Cecil Rhodes was the chairman) over the border from Bechuanaland towards Johannesburg.




  • Germany
    1895
    Marie Curie

    Discovering The Existence of X-Rays

    Germany
    1895

    In 1895, Wilhelm Roentgen discovered the existence of X-rays, though the mechanism behind their production was not yet understood. In 1896, Henri Becquerel discovered that uranium salts emitted rays that resembled X-rays in their penetrating power. He demonstrated that this radiation, unlike phosphorescence, did not depend on an external source of energy but seemed to arise spontaneously from uranium itself. Influenced by these two important discoveries, Curie decided to look into uranium rays as a possible field of research for a thesis.




  • Italy
    1895
    Antibiotic

    Vincenzo Published a Paper on The Antibacterial Power of Some Extracts of Mold

    Italy
    1895

    In 1895 Vincenzo Tiberio, Italian physician, published a paper on the antibacterial power of some extracts of mold.




  • South Africa
    1895
    Second Boer War

    Jameson Raid

    South Africa
    1895

    The plan was to make a three-day dash to Johannesburg and trigger an uprising by the primarily British expatriate workers (uitlanders) organized by the Reform Committee before the Boer commandos could mobilize. The Transvaal authorities had advance warning of the Jameson Raid and tracked it from the moment it crossed the border. Four days later, the weary and dispirited column was surrounded near Krugersdorp within sight of Johannesburg. After a brief skirmish in which the column lost 65 killed and wounded—while the Boers lost but one man—Jameson's men surrendered and were arrested by the Boers.




  • New York City, New York, U.S.
    1895
    The Holocaust

    The Term

    New York City, New York, U.S.
    1895

    The term holocaust, first used in 1895 by the New York Times to describe the massacre of Armenian Christians by Ottoman Muslims.


  • Weihai, Shandong, China
    Saturday Jan 12, 1895
    First Sino-Japanese War

    Capturing Weihaiweii

    Weihai, Shandong, China
    Saturday Jan 12, 1895

    The Chinese fleet subsequently retreated behind the Weihaiwei fortifications. However, they were then surprised by Japanese ground forces, who outflanked the harbour's defenses in coordination with the navy. The Battle of Weihaiwei was a 23-day siege with the major land and naval components taking place between 20 January and 12 February 1895. Historian Jonathan Spence notes that "the Chinese admiral retired his fleet behind a protective curtain of contact mines and took no further part in the fighting." The Japanese commander marched his forces over the Shandong peninsula and reached the landward side of Weihaiwei, were the siege was eventually successful for the Japanese.


  • U.S.
    1895
    Nikola Tesla

    Edward Dean Adams agreed to help found the Nikola Tesla Company

    U.S.
    1895

    In 1895, Edward Dean Adams, impressed with what he saw when he toured Tesla's lab, agreed to help found the Nikola Tesla Company, set up to fund, develop, and market a variety of previous Tesla patents and inventions as well as new ones. Alfred Brown signed on, bringing along patents developed under Peck and Brown. The board was filled out with William Birch Rankine and Charles F. Coaney.


  • London, England, United Kingdom
    Thursday Jan 24, 1895
    Winston Churchill

    Lord Randolph Churchill died

    London, England, United Kingdom
    Thursday Jan 24, 1895

    His father died in January 1895, soon after Churchill finished at Sandhurst.


  • Washington D.C., U.S.
    Saturday Feb 2, 1895
    Frederick Douglass

    Death

    Washington D.C., U.S.
    Saturday Feb 2, 1895

    On February 20, 1895, Douglass attended a meeting of the National Council of Women in Washington, D.C. During that meeting, he was brought to the platform and received a standing ovation. Shortly after he returned home, Douglass died of a massive heart attack. He was 77. Douglass' coffin was transported back to Rochester, New York, where he had lived for 25 years, longer than anywhere else in his life. He was buried next to Anna in the Douglass family plot of Mount Hope Cemetery, and Helen joined them in 1903.


  • England, United Kingdom
    Feb, 1895
    Winston Churchill

    Churchill was commissioned as a second lieutenant

    England, United Kingdom
    Feb, 1895

    In February 1895, Churchill was commissioned as a second lieutenant in the 4th Queen's Own Hussars regiment of the British Army, based at Aldershot. Eager to witness military action, he used his mother's influence to get himself posted to a war zone.


  • Paris, France
    Mar, 1895
    Marie Curie

    Pierre Curie Received His Own Doctorate

    Paris, France
    Mar, 1895

    A letter from Pierre Curie convinced her to return to Paris to pursue a Ph.D. At Skłodowska's insistence, Curie had written up his research on magnetism and received his own doctorate in March 1895; he was also promoted to professor at the School.


  • Yingkou, Liaoning, China
    Tuesday Mar 5, 1895
    First Sino-Japanese War

    The Battle of Yingkou

    Yingkou, Liaoning, China
    Tuesday Mar 5, 1895

    After Weihaiwei's fall on 12 February 1895, and an easing of harsh winter conditions, Japanese troops pressed further into southern Manchuria and northern China. By March 1895 the Japanese had fortified posts that commanded the sea approaches to Beijing. Although this would be the last major battle fought; numerous skirmishes would follow. The Battle of Yinkou was fought outside the port town of Yingkou, Manchuria, on 5 March 1895.


  • Sasebo, Nagasaki, Japan
    Wednesday Mar 6, 1895
    First Sino-Japanese War

    Starting Preparations For The Capture of Taiwan

    Sasebo, Nagasaki, Japan
    Wednesday Mar 6, 1895

    the Japanese had begun preparations for the capture of Taiwan. However, the first operation would be directed not against the island itself, but against the Pescadores Islands, which due to their strategic position off the west coast would become a stepping stone for further operations against the island. On March 6, a Japanese expeditionary force consisting of a reinforced infantry regiment with 2,800 troops and an artillery battery were embarked on five transports, sailed from Ujina to Sasebo, arriving there three days later.


  • New York City, New York, U.S.
    Wednesday Mar 13, 1895
    Nikola Tesla

    South Fifth Avenue building that housed Tesla's lab caught fire

    New York City, New York, U.S.
    Wednesday Mar 13, 1895

    In the early morning hours of 13 March 1895, the South Fifth Avenue building that housed Tesla's lab caught fire. It started in the basement of the building and was so intense Tesla's 4th floor lab burned and collapsed into the second floor. The fire not only set back Tesla's ongoing projects, it destroyed a collection of early notes and research material, models, and demonstration pieces, including many that had been exhibited at the 1893 Worlds Colombian Exposition. Tesla told The New York Times "I am in too much grief to talk. What can I say?" After the fire Tesla moved to 46 & 48 East Houston Street and rebuilt his lab on the 6th and 7th floors.


  • Sasebo, Nagasaki, Japan
    Friday Mar 15, 1895
    First Sino-Japanese War

    Leaving Sasebo Heading To The Pescadores

    Sasebo, Nagasaki, Japan
    Friday Mar 15, 1895

    On March 15, the five transports were escorted by seven cruisers and five torpedo boats of the 4th Flotilla, left Sasebo heading south to the Pescadores .


  • Pescadores, Taiwan
    Wednesday Mar 20, 1895
    First Sino-Japanese War

    Arriving at The Pescadores

    Pescadores, Taiwan
    Wednesday Mar 20, 1895

    The Japanese fleet arrived at the Pescadores during the night of March 20, but encountered stormy weather. Due to the poor weather, the landings were postponed until March 23, when the weather cleared.


  • Taiwan
    Saturday Mar 23, 1895
    02:00:00 PM
    First Sino-Japanese War

    Japan Control Lizhangjiao

    Taiwan
    Saturday Mar 23, 1895
    02:00:00 PM

    On the morning March 23, the Japanese warships began the bombardment of the Chinese positions around the port of Lizhangjiao. A fort guarding the harbor was quickly silenced. At about midday, the Japanese troops began their landing. Unexpectedly, when the landing operation was underway, the guns of the fort once again opened fire, which caused some confusion among the Japanese troops. But they were soon silenced again after being shelled by the Japanese cruisers. By 2:00pm, Lizhangjiao was under Japanese control.


  • Magong, Magong City, Penghu County, Taiwan
    Sunday Mar 24, 1895
    11:30:00 AM
    First Sino-Japanese War

    The Japanese Entered Magong

    Magong, Magong City, Penghu County, Taiwan
    Sunday Mar 24, 1895
    11:30:00 AM

    After reinforcing the captured positions, the following morning, Japanese troops marched on the main town of Magong. The Chinese offered token resistance and after a short skirmish they abandoned their positions, retreating to nearby Xiyu Island. At 11:30am, the Japanese entered Magong.


  • Makung Harbor, Taiwan
    Monday Mar 25, 1895
    First Sino-Japanese War

    Entering Magong Harbor

    Makung Harbor, Taiwan
    Monday Mar 25, 1895

    The Japanese warships entered the strait the next day and, upon discovering that there were no mine fields, they entered Magong harbor.


  • University of Naples, Naples, Italy
    1895
    Penicillin

    Vincenzo Tiberio concluded that these molds contained soluble substances having antibacterial action

    University of Naples, Naples, Italy
    1895

    In 1895, Vincenzo Tiberio, an Italian physician at the University of Naples, published research about molds initially found in a water well in Arzano; from his observations, he concluded that these molds contained soluble substances having antibacterial action.


  • Tübingen, Kingdom of Württemberg (Present Day Tübingen, Germany)
    Friday Apr 12, 1895
    Lothar Meyer

    Death

    Tübingen, Kingdom of Württemberg (Present Day Tübingen, Germany)
    Friday Apr 12, 1895

    Meyer served until his death from a stroke on April 11, 1895 at the age of 64.


  • Shimonoseki, Yamaguchi, Japan
    Tuesday Apr 16, 1895
    First Sino-Japanese War

    The Treaty of Shimonoseki

    Shimonoseki, Yamaguchi, Japan
    Tuesday Apr 16, 1895

    The Treaty of Shimonoseki was signed on 17 April 1895. The Qing Empire recognized the total independence of Korea and ceded the Liaodong Peninsula, Taiwan and Penghu Islands to Japan "in perpetuity".


  • China
    Wednesday Apr 17, 1895
    Xinhai Revolution

    The First Sino-Japanese War

    China
    Wednesday Apr 17, 1895

    In the wars against the Taiping (1851–64), Nian (1851–68), Yunnan (1856–68) and the Northwest (1862–77), the traditional imperial troops proved themselves incompetent and the court came to rely on local armies. In 1895, China suffered another defeat during the First Sino-Japanese War. This demonstrated that traditional Chinese feudal society also needed to be modernized if the technological and commercial advancements were to succeed.


  • Turkey (then Ottoman Empire)
    May, 1895
    Armenian Genocide

    The Powers forced Abdul Hamid to sign a new reform package designed to curtail the powers of the Hamidiye

    Turkey (then Ottoman Empire)
    May, 1895

    In May 1895, the Powers forced Abdul Hamid II (Ottoman Empire Sultan) to sign a new reform package designed to curtail the powers of the Hamidiye, but, like the Berlin Treaty, it was never implemented.


  • Taiwan
    Thursday May 23, 1895
    First Sino-Japanese War

    Declaring Taiwan To be an independent Republic of Formosa

    Taiwan
    Thursday May 23, 1895

    Several Qing officials in Taiwan resolved to resist the cession of Taiwan to Japan under the Treaty of Shimonoseki, and on 23 May declared the island to be an independent Republic of Formosa.


  • Taiwan
    Wednesday May 29, 1895
    First Sino-Japanese War

    Japanese Forces Occupied Taiwan's main Towns

    Taiwan
    Wednesday May 29, 1895

    On 29 May, Japanese forces under Admiral Motonori Kabayama landed in northern Taiwan, and in a five-month campaign defeated the Republican forces and occupied the island's main towns.


  • Huntington, West Virginia, U.S.
    1895
    Carter G. Woodson

    Woodson finally entered Douglass High School full-time

    Huntington, West Virginia, U.S.
    1895

    In 1895, the twenty-year-old Woodson finally entered Douglass High School full-time.


  • Harvard University, Massachusetts, U.S.
    1895
    W. E. B. Du Bois

    Du Bois was the first African American to earn a Ph.D. from Harvard University

    Harvard University, Massachusetts, U.S.
    1895

    After returning from Europe, Du Bois completed his graduate studies; in 1895 he was the first African American to earn a Ph.D. from Harvard University.


  • Montenegro
    1895
    Nikola Tesla

    Tesla won Grand Cross of the Order of Prince Danilo I

    Montenegro
    1895

    Tesla won Grand Cross of the Order of Prince Danilo I (Montenegro, 1895).


  • Sceaux, France
    Friday Jul 26, 1895
    Marie Curie

    Marriage

    Sceaux, France
    Friday Jul 26, 1895

    On 26 July 1895 Pierre Curie married Marie in Sceaux (Seine).


  • England, United Kingdom
    1895
    Elizabeth Blackwell

    Pioneer Work in Opening the Medical Profession to Women

    England, United Kingdom
    1895

    Blackwell, in her later years, was still relatively active. In 1895, she published her autobiography, Pioneer Work in Opening the Medical Profession to Women. It was not very successful, selling fewer than 500 copies.


  • Berlin, German Empire (Present day Germany)
    1895
    Gustav Stresemann

    His mother death and writing "Berlin letters"

    Berlin, German Empire (Present day Germany)
    1895

    His mother, Mathilde, died in 1895. From December 1895, Gustav wrote "Berlin letters" for the Dresdener Volks-Zeitung, often talking about politics and targeting Prussian conservatives.


  • Marburg, Germany
    1895
    Albrecht Kossel

    New Investigation

    Marburg, Germany
    1895

    In 1895, Kossel was a professor of physiology as well as director of the Physiological Institute at the University of Marburg. Around this time, he began investigations into the chemical composition of proteins, the alterations in proteins during the transformation into peptone, the peptide components of cells, and other investigations.


  • Turkey (then Ottoman Empire)
    Tuesday Oct 1, 1895
    Armenian Genocide

    2,000 Armenians assembled in Constantinople

    Turkey (then Ottoman Empire)
    Tuesday Oct 1, 1895

    On 1 October 1895, 2,000 Armenians assembled in Constantinople to petition for the implementation of the reforms, but Ottoman police units violently broke the rally up. Soon, massacres of Armenians broke out in Constantinople and then engulfed the rest of the Armenian-populated provinces of Bitlis, Diyarbekir, Erzurum, Harput, Sivas, Trabzon, and Van. Estimates differ on how many Armenians were killed, but European documentation of the pogroms, which became known as the Hamidian massacres, placed the figures at between 100,000 and 300,000.


  • Tainan, Taiwan
    Monday Oct 21, 1895
    First Sino-Japanese War

    The Surrender of The Republican Capital Tainan

    Tainan, Taiwan
    Monday Oct 21, 1895

    The campaign effectively ended on 21 October 1895, with the flight of Liu Yongfu, the second Republican president, and the surrender of the Republican capital Tainan.


  • Guangzhou, China
    Saturday Oct 26, 1895
    Xinhai Revolution

    The First Guangzhou Uprising

    Guangzhou, China
    Saturday Oct 26, 1895

    On 26 October 1895, Yeung Ku-wan and Sun Yat-sen led Zheng Shiliang and Lu Haodong to Guangzhou, preparing to capture Guangzhou in one strike. However, the details of their plans were leaked to the Qing government. The government began to arrest revolutionaries, including Lu Haodong, who was later executed. The first Guangzhou uprising was a failure.


  • Cuba
    1895
    Winston Churchill

    Churchill and his friend Reggie Barnes went to Cuba

    Cuba
    1895

    In the autumn of 1895, Churchill and his friend Reggie Barnes, then a subaltern, went to Cuba to observe the war of independence and became involved in skirmishes after joining Spanish troops attempting to suppress independence fighters.


  • Germany
    Friday Nov 8, 1895
    X-ray

    Discovery by Röntgen

    Germany
    Friday Nov 8, 1895

    On November 8, 1895, German physics professor Wilhelm Röntgen stumbled on X-rays while experimenting with Lenard tubes and Crookes tubes and began studying them.


  • Paris, France
    Wednesday Nov 27, 1895
    Alfred Nobel

    Nobel signed his last will

    Paris, France
    Wednesday Nov 27, 1895

    On 27 November 1895, at the Swedish-Norwegian Club in Paris, Nobel signed his last will and testament and set aside the bulk of his estate to establish the Nobel Prizes, to be awarded annually without distinction of nationality.


  • Paris, France
    Wednesday Nov 27, 1895
    Nobel Prize

    Nobel's well

    Paris, France
    Wednesday Nov 27, 1895

    Signing his well at the Swedish–Norwegian Club in Paris on 27 November 1895. To widespread astonishment, Nobel's last will specified that his fortune be used to create a series of prizes for those who confer the "greatest benefit on mankind" in physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine, literature, and peace. Nobel bequeathed 94% of his total assets, 31 million SEK (US$186 million in 2008), to establish the five Nobel Prizes.


  • Würzburg, Bavaria, Germany
    Saturday Dec 28, 1895
    X-ray

    First paper written about X-rays

    Würzburg, Bavaria, Germany
    Saturday Dec 28, 1895

    On December 28, 1895 submitted it to Würzburg's Physical-Medical Society journal. This was the first paper written on X-rays. Röntgen referred to the radiation as "X", to indicate that it was an unknown type of radiation. The name stuck, although (over Röntgen's great objections) many of his colleagues suggested calling them Röntgen rays.


<