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  • Afghanistan
    Jan, 1998
    Bin Laden

    Individual Duty

    Afghanistan
    Jan, 1998

    In February 1998, Osama bin Laden and Ayman al-Zawahiri co-signed a fatwa in the name of the World Islamic Front for Jihad Against Jews and Crusaders, which declared the killing of North Americans and their allies an "individual duty for every Muslim" to "liberate the al-Aqsa Mosque (in Jerusalem) and the holy mosque (in Mecca) from their grip".




  • Afghanistan
    Monday Feb 23, 1998
    Ayman al-Zawahiri

    World Islamic Front Against Jews and Crusaders

    Afghanistan
    Monday Feb 23, 1998

    On February 23, 1998, al-Zawahiri issued a joint fatwa with Osama bin Laden under the title "World Islamic Front Against Jews and Crusaders". Zawahiri, not bin Laden, is thought to have been the actual author of the fatwa.




  • Afghanistan
    Tuesday Jun 23, 1998
    Ayman al-Zawahiri

    Al-Qaeda congress

    Afghanistan
    Tuesday Jun 23, 1998

    Bin Laden and al-Zawahiri organized an al-Qaeda congress on June 24, 1998. A week prior to the beginning of the conference, a group of well-armed assistants to al-Zawahiri had left by jeeps in the direction of Herat. Following the instructions of their patron, in the town of Koh-i-Doshakh, they met three unknown Slavic-looking men who had arrived from Russia via Iran. After their arrival in Kandahar, they split up. One of the Russians was directly escorted to al-Zawahiri and he did not participate in the conference.




  • Afghanistan
    Wednesday Jun 24, 1998
    Bin Laden

    Al-Qaeda congress

    Afghanistan
    Wednesday Jun 24, 1998

    Bin Laden and Al-Zawahiri organized an al-Qaeda congress on June 24, 1998.




  • Afghanistan
    1998
    September 11 (9/11) Attacks

    Second Fatwā

    Afghanistan
    1998

    In a second fatwā in 1998, bin Laden outlined his objections to American foreign policy with respect to Israel, as well as the continued presence of American troops in Saudi Arabia after the Gulf War. Bin Laden used Islamic texts to exhort Muslims to attack Americans until the stated grievances were reversed. Muslim legal scholars "have throughout Islamic history unanimously agreed that the jihad is an individual duty if the enemy destroys the Muslim countries", according to bin Laden.




  • Afghanistan
    Jan, 1998
    Bin Laden

    Individual Duty

    Afghanistan
    Jan, 1998

    In February 1998, Osama bin Laden and Ayman al-Zawahiri co-signed a fatwa in the name of the World Islamic Front for Jihad Against Jews and Crusaders, which declared the killing of North Americans and their allies an "individual duty for every Muslim" to "liberate the al-Aqsa Mosque (in Jerusalem) and the holy mosque (in Mecca) from their grip".




  • Afghanistan
    Monday Feb 23, 1998
    Ayman al-Zawahiri

    World Islamic Front Against Jews and Crusaders

    Afghanistan
    Monday Feb 23, 1998

    On February 23, 1998, al-Zawahiri issued a joint fatwa with Osama bin Laden under the title "World Islamic Front Against Jews and Crusaders". Zawahiri, not bin Laden, is thought to have been the actual author of the fatwa.


  • Afghanistan
    Tuesday Jun 23, 1998
    Ayman al-Zawahiri

    Al-Qaeda congress

    Afghanistan
    Tuesday Jun 23, 1998

    Bin Laden and al-Zawahiri organized an al-Qaeda congress on June 24, 1998. A week prior to the beginning of the conference, a group of well-armed assistants to al-Zawahiri had left by jeeps in the direction of Herat. Following the instructions of their patron, in the town of Koh-i-Doshakh, they met three unknown Slavic-looking men who had arrived from Russia via Iran. After their arrival in Kandahar, they split up. One of the Russians was directly escorted to al-Zawahiri and he did not participate in the conference.


  • Afghanistan
    Wednesday Jun 24, 1998
    Bin Laden

    Al-Qaeda congress

    Afghanistan
    Wednesday Jun 24, 1998

    Bin Laden and Al-Zawahiri organized an al-Qaeda congress on June 24, 1998.


  • Afghanistan
    1998
    September 11 (9/11) Attacks

    Second Fatwā

    Afghanistan
    1998

    In a second fatwā in 1998, bin Laden outlined his objections to American foreign policy with respect to Israel, as well as the continued presence of American troops in Saudi Arabia after the Gulf War. Bin Laden used Islamic texts to exhort Muslims to attack Americans until the stated grievances were reversed. Muslim legal scholars "have throughout Islamic history unanimously agreed that the jihad is an individual duty if the enemy destroys the Muslim countries", according to bin Laden.


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