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  • Ankara, Ottoman Empire
    Tuesday Jul 20, 1402
    Ottoman Empire

    Battle of Ankara

    Ankara, Ottoman Empire
    Tuesday Jul 20, 1402

    In the Battle of Ankara in 1402, Timur defeated the Ottoman forces and took Bayezid I as a prisoner, throwing the empire into disorder.




  • Anatolia, and Balkans
    Tuesday Jul 20, 1402
    Ottoman Empire

    Ottoman Interregnum

    Anatolia, and Balkans
    Tuesday Jul 20, 1402

    The ensuing civil war, also known as the Fetret Devri, lasted from 1402 to 1413 as Bayezid's sons fought over succession. It ended when Mehmed I emerged as the sultan and restored Ottoman power.




  • Italy
    Friday Jul 20, 1866
    Unification of Italy

    Regia Marina was defeated in the battle of Lissa

    Italy
    Friday Jul 20, 1866

    On 20 July the Regia Marina was defeated in the battle of Lissa. The following day, Garibaldi's volunteers defeated an Austrian force in the Battle of Bezzecca and moved toward Trento.




  • South Africa
    Saturday Jul 20, 1901
    Second Boer War

    Paul Kruger's wife death

    South Africa
    Saturday Jul 20, 1901

    Paul Kruger's wife, however, was too ill to travel and remained in South Africa where she died on 20 July 1901 without seeing her husband again.




  • France
    Monday Jul 20, 1914
    World War 1

    German Failure

    France
    Monday Jul 20, 1914

    By 20 July, the Germans had retreated across the Marne to their starting lines, having achieved little, and the German Army never regained the initiative.




  • Hungary
    Sunday Jul 20, 1919
    03:00:00 AM
    Hungarian–Romanian War

    The Hungarian Infantry Crossed The Tisza River and Attacked Romanian Positions.

    Hungary
    Sunday Jul 20, 1919
    03:00:00 AM

    On 20 July, at about 3 a.m., after a fierce bombardment, Hungarian infantry including all three groups crossed the Tisza River and attacked Romanian positions.




  • New York City, New York, U.S.
    Sunday Jul 20, 1919
    Red Summer

    New York race riots

    New York City, New York, U.S.
    Sunday Jul 20, 1919

    On July 20, 1919, a White man and an African American man were arguing about World War I. The fight got heated and the black man pulled a gun and shot wildly down the street. Some of the bullets hit civilians, with one striking George Doles of 231 East 127th St while he was in his ground floor apartment. Another hit Henrietta Taylor, who was sitting on a stoop on 228 East 127th Street. While the two were rushed to a Harlem hospital, word spread that a riot was about to start, and when police arrived on the scene about a thousand black people were present on the block between 2nd and 3rd Ave. As police attempted to clear the streets they were fired upon from surrounding buildings.


  • Rakamaz, Hungary
    Sunday Jul 20, 1919
    Hungarian–Romanian War

    The Hungarians Army took Rakamaz

    Rakamaz, Hungary
    Sunday Jul 20, 1919

    On 20 July, in the northern arena, the Hungarians army took Rakamaz and some nearby villages. Troops of the Romanian 16th and 2nd Vânători divisions took back the villages shortly and regained Rakamaz the next day. The Hungarians renewed their efforts and, supported by artillery fire, retook Rakamaz and two nearby villages but could not break out of the Rakamaz bridgehead.


  • Szolnok, Hungary
    Sunday Jul 20, 1919
    Hungarian–Romanian War

    Hungarian Forces Established a Solid Bridgehead at Szolnok

    Szolnok, Hungary
    Sunday Jul 20, 1919

    On 20 July, Hungarian forces established a solid bridgehead on the east bank of the Tisza at Szolnok, opposed by the Romanian 91st Regiment of the 18th Infantry Division. The Hungarian army moved the 6th and 7th divisions across the Tisza River, formed up within the bridgehead, then attacked the Romanians in the first line of defense. The Hungarian 6th Infantry Division took Törökszentmiklós; the 7th Division advanced towards Mezőtúr and the 5th Division advanced towards Túrkeve.


  • U.S.
    Sunday Jul 20, 1919
    Red Summer

    A telegram to Woodrow Wilson

    U.S.
    Sunday Jul 20, 1919

    The NAACP sent a telegram of protest to President Woodrow Wilson: The shame put upon the country by the mobs, including United States soldiers, sailors, and marines, which have assaulted innocent and unoffending negroes in the national capital. Men in uniform have attacked negroes on the streets and pulled them from streetcars to beat them. Crowds are reported ...to have directed attacks against any passing negro.… The effect of such riots in the national capital upon race antagonism will be to increase bitterness and danger of outbreaks elsewhere. National Association for the Advancement of Colored People calls upon you as President and Commander in Chief of the Armed Forces of the nation to make statement condemning mob violence and to enforce such military law as situation demands.…


  • Parral, Chihuahua, Mexico
    Friday Jul 20, 1923
    Mexican Revolution

    Villa's Assassination

    Parral, Chihuahua, Mexico
    Friday Jul 20, 1923

    Villa was assassinated in July 1923.


  • Seville, Spain
    Monday Jul 20, 1936
    Francisco Franco

    Air bridge to Seville

    Seville, Spain
    Monday Jul 20, 1936

    From 20 July onward Franco was able, with a small group of 22 mainly German Junkers Ju 52 aircraft, to initiate an air bridge to Seville, where his troops helped to ensure the rebel control of the city.


  • Estoril, Portugal
    Monday Jul 20, 1936
    Francisco Franco

    A plane crash

    Estoril, Portugal
    Monday Jul 20, 1936

    The designated leader of the uprising, General José Sanjurjo, died on 20 July 1936, in a plane crash.


  • Estoril, Portugal
    Monday Jul 20, 1936
    Spanish Civil War

    Coup leader Sanjurjo was killed

    Estoril, Portugal
    Monday Jul 20, 1936

    A large air and sealift of Nationalist troops in Spanish Morocco was organised to the southwest of Spain. Coup leader Sanjurjo was killed in a plane crash on 20 July, leaving an effective command split between Mola in the North and Franco in the South. This period also saw the worst actions of the so-called "Red" and "White Terrors" in Spain.


  • Rastenburg, Germany (Now Poland)
    Thursday Jul 20, 1944
    Adolf Hitler

    20 July plot assassination attempt

    Rastenburg, Germany (Now Poland)
    Thursday Jul 20, 1944

    Between 1939 and 1945, there were many plans to assassinate Hitler, some of which proceeded to significant degrees. The most well known, the 20 July plot of 1944, came from within Germany and was at least partly driven by the increasing prospect of a German defeat in the war.


  • China
    Saturday Jul 20, 1946
    Chinese Civil War

    Large-scale assault on Communist territory

    China
    Saturday Jul 20, 1946

    On 20 July 1946, Chiang Kai-shek launched a large-scale assault on Communist territory in North China with 113 brigades (a total of 1.6 million troops).


  • South Korea
    Tuesday Jul 20, 1948
    Korean War

    South Korean President

    South Korea
    Tuesday Jul 20, 1948

    The resultant South Korean government promulgated a national political constitution on 17 July 1948, and elected Syngman Rhee as President on 20 July 1948.


  • Geneva, Switzerland
    Tuesday Jul 20, 1954
    Ho Chi Minh

    Resolving the remaining outstanding issues

    Geneva, Switzerland
    Tuesday Jul 20, 1954

    By the afternoon of 20 July, the remaining outstanding issues were resolved as the parties agreed that the partition line should be at the 17th parallel and the elections for a reunified government should be held in July 1956, two years after the ceasefire.


  • West Berlin, West Germany
    Tuesday Jul 20, 1965
    Martin Bormann

    Excavations Failed To Locate The Bodies

    West Berlin, West Germany
    Tuesday Jul 20, 1965

    Excavations on 20-21 July 1965 at the site specified by Axmann and Krumnow failed to locate the bodies.


  • Washington D.C., U.S.
    Sunday Jul 20, 1969
    Richard Nixon

    The United States won The Race to Land Astronauts on The Moon

    Washington D.C., U.S.
    Sunday Jul 20, 1969

    After a nearly decade-long national effort, the United States won the race to land astronauts on the Moon on July 20, 1969, with the flight of Apollo 11. Nixon spoke with Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin during their moonwalk. He called the conversation "the most historic phone call ever made from the White House"


  • The Moon
    Sunday Jul 20, 1969
    08:17:00 PM
    Neil Armstrong

    The Landing on the surface of the Moon

    The Moon
    Sunday Jul 20, 1969
    08:17:00 PM

    The landing on the surface of the Moon occurred several seconds after 20:17:40 UTC on July 20, 1969.


  • New York, U.S.
    Monday Jul 20, 1987
    Iran–Iraq War

    The UN Security Council passed The U.S.-sponsored Resolution 598

    New York, U.S.
    Monday Jul 20, 1987

    On 20 July, the UN Security Council passed the U.S.-sponsored Resolution 598, which called for an end to the fighting and a return to pre-war boundaries. This resolution was noted by Iran for being the first resolution to call for a return to the pre-war borders, and setting up a commission to determine the aggressor and compensation.


  • U.S.
    Saturday Jul 20, 1996
    Shaquille O'Neal

    The media announced that O'Neal would join the Los Angeles Lakers

    U.S.
    Saturday Jul 20, 1996

    On the team's first full day at the Olympics in Atlanta, the media announced that O'Neal would join the Los Angeles Lakers on a seven-year, $121 million contract.


  • Italy
    Friday Jul 20, 2007
    Francesco Totti

    Retired from International football

    Italy
    Friday Jul 20, 2007

    Totti intended to retire from international football after the 2006 World Cup, but reneged on his decision and remained undecided on his future for over a year, not being called up in the meantime. He made his retirement official on 20 July 2007, at the beginning of the 2007–08 Serie A season, due to recurring physical problems and in order to focus solely on club play with Roma.


  • Menlo Park, California, U.S.
    Sunday Jul 20, 2008
    Facebook, Inc.

    Facebook Introduced "Facebook Beta"

    Menlo Park, California, U.S.
    Sunday Jul 20, 2008

    On July 20, 2008, Facebook introduced "Facebook Beta", a significant redesign of its user interface on selected networks. The Mini-Feed and Wall were consolidated, profiles were separated into tabbed sections, and an effort was made to create a cleaner look. Facebook began migrating users to the new version in September 2008.


  • Aurora, Colorado, U.S.
    Friday Jul 20, 2012
    Mass Shootings in the United States

    Aurora Theater Shooting

    Aurora, Colorado, U.S.
    Friday Jul 20, 2012

    On July 20, 2012, a mass shooting occurred inside a "Century 16" movie theater in Aurora, Colorado, during a midnight screening of the film The Dark Knight Rises. Dressed in tactical clothing, James Eagan Holmes set off tear gas grenades and shot into the audience with multiple firearms. Twelve people were killed and seventy others were injured, 58 of them from gunfire.


  • Colombia
    Saturday Jul 20, 2013
    Colombian conflict

    Two Rebel Attacks on Government Positions

    Colombia
    Saturday Jul 20, 2013

    On July 20, 2013, as peace talks were making progress, two rebel attacks on government positions killed 19 soldiers and an unspecified number of combatants. It was the deadliest day since peace talks began in November 2012.


  • England
    Monday Jul 20, 2015
    Stephen Hawking

    Extraterrestrial life

    England
    Monday Jul 20, 2015

    On 20 July 2015, Hawking helped launch Breakthrough Initiatives, an effort to search for extraterrestrial life. Hawking created Stephen Hawking: Expedition New Earth, a documentary on space colonisation, as a 2017 episode of Tomorrow's World.


  • Havana, Cuba - Washington, D.C., U.S.
    Monday Jul 20, 2015
    Raúl Castro

    Cuba and U.S. officially resumed full diplomatic relations

    Havana, Cuba - Washington, D.C., U.S.
    Monday Jul 20, 2015

    On 20 July 2015, Cuba and the United States officially resumed full diplomatic relations with sections of "Cuban interests" in Washington, D.C., and "U.S. interests" in Havana upgraded to embassies (The embassies had previously been dissolved in 1961 after Cuba became closely allied with the USSR).


  • Turkey
    Wednesday Jul 20, 2016
    Recep Tayyip Erdoğan

    President Erdoğan declared The State of Emergency

    Turkey
    Wednesday Jul 20, 2016

    On 20 July 2016, President Erdoğan declared the state of emergency, citing the coup d'état attempt as justification. It was first scheduled to last three months. The Turkish parliament approved this measure.The state of emergency was later extended for another three months, amidst the ongoing 2016 Turkish purges including comprehensive purges of independent media and detention of tens of thousands of Turkish citizens politically opposed to Erdoğan. More than 50,000 people have been arrested and over 160,000 fired from their jobs by March 2018.


  • Palo Alto, California, U.S.
    Wednesday Jul 20, 2016
    Tesla, Inc.

    New master plan for Tesla

    Palo Alto, California, U.S.
    Wednesday Jul 20, 2016

    On July 20, 2016, Musk detailed his new master plan for Tesla. It includes more affordable cars produced in higher volume, solar-power roofs, mid-size vehicles, SUVs and pickup trucks, as well as the refinement of autonomous vehicles and the creation of a sharing economy, in which cars can be active while the owner is not using them.


  • California, U.S.
    Saturday Jul 20, 2019
    Zlatan Ibrahimović

    First hat-trick in MLS

    California, U.S.
    Saturday Jul 20, 2019

    On 20 July, Ibrahimović scored a perfect hat-trick against Los Angeles FC to win the match 3–2. This performance followed a debate on whether Ibrahimović was the best player in MLS compared to Los Angeles FC rival Carlos Vela, with Ibrahimović claiming himself the "best by far".


  • New York, U.S.
    Monday Jul 20, 2020
    Statue of Liberty

    Partial Reopening

    New York, U.S.
    Monday Jul 20, 2020

    On July 20, 2020, the Statue of Liberty reopened partially under New York City's Phase IV guidelines, with Ellis Island remaining closed.


  • Kent, Washington, United States
    Tuesday Jul 20, 2021
    Jeff Bezos

    To Space

    Kent, Washington, United States
    Tuesday Jul 20, 2021

    On July 20, 2021, he launched on the NS-16 mission with his brother Mark Bezos, Wally Funk, and Oliver Daemen. He launched nine days after Richard Branson launched onboard The Virgin Galactic Unity 22 mission.


  • Fife
    Sunday Jul 20, 1766

    Thomas Bruce Birth

    Fife
    Sunday Jul 20, 1766

    The British diplomat Thomas Bruce was born in Broomhall, Fife, Scotland in 1766.


  • Ankara
    Tuesday Jul 20, 1402

    Battle of Ankara

    Ankara
    Tuesday Jul 20, 1402

    Sultan Bajezid I's Ottoman forces were defeated at the Battle of Ankara.


  • Graz
    Tuesday Jul 20, 1762

    Jakob Haibel Birth

    Graz
    Tuesday Jul 20, 1762

    The Austrian composer, Jakob Haibel, was born in Austria in 1762.


  • Spain
    Sunday Jul 20, 1766

    Isabella Farnese Birth

    Spain
    Sunday Jul 20, 1766

    The queen of Spain, Isabella Farnese, passed away.


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