Roman Empire
Claudius had his wife executed
In his own family life, Claudius was less successful. His wife Messalina cuckolded him; when he found out, he had her executed and married his niece, Agrippina the Younger.
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- Imperial China (Qin and Han dynasties)
Consort Ban was born
Consort Ban was born.
- Roman Republic
Caesar was given permanent tribunician powers
In 48, Caesar was given permanent tribunician powers. This made his person sacrosanct, gave him the power to veto the senate, and allowed him to dominate the Plebeian Council.
- Cleopatra
Caesar's term as consul has expired
Caesar's term as consul has expired at the end of 48 BC.
- Cleopatra
Cleopatra's debts to the Roman Republic
In the meantime, however, she inherited her father's debts and owed the Roman Republic 17.5 million drachmas by the time Julius Caesar arrived at Alexandria in 48 BC.
- Cleopatra
Pompey's death
In a scheme devised by Theodotos, Pompey arrived by ship near Pelousion after being invited by written message, only to be ambushed and stabbed to death on 28 September 48 BC.
- Ptolemaic Kingdom
Julius Caesar left Rome for Alexandria
Julius Caesar left Rome for Alexandria in 48 BC in order to quell the looming civil war, as the war in Egypt, which was one of Rome's greatest suppliers of grain and other expensive goods, would have had a detrimental effect on trade with Rome, especially on Rome's working-class citizens.
- Library of Alexandria
Julius Caesar was besieged at Alexandria
In 48 BC, during Caesar's Civil War, Julius Caesar was besieged at Alexandria. His soldiers set fire to some of the Egyptian ships docked in the Alexandrian port while trying to clear the wharves to block the fleet belonging to Cleopatra's brother Ptolemy XIV. This fire purportedly spread to the parts of the city nearest to the docks, causing considerable devastation.
- Cleopatra
Battle of Pharsalus
In Greece, Caesar and Pompey's forces engaged each other at the decisive Battle of Pharsalus on 9 August 48 BC, leading to the destruction of most of Pompey's army and his forced flight to Tyre, Lebanon.
- Imperial China (Qin and Han dynasties)
Yuan of Han
Xuan's son Emperor Yuan of Han became emperor of the Han dynasty.
- Imperial China (Qin and Han dynasties)
Xuan died
Xuan "Emperor Xuan of Han" died.
- Roman Empire
Claudius had his wife executed
In his own family life, Claudius was less successful. His wife Messalina cuckolded him; when he found out, he had her executed and married his niece, Agrippina the Younger.
- Imperial China (Qin and Han dynasties)
Consort Ban was born
Consort Ban was born.
- Roman Republic
Caesar was given permanent tribunician powers
In 48, Caesar was given permanent tribunician powers. This made his person sacrosanct, gave him the power to veto the senate, and allowed him to dominate the Plebeian Council.
- Cleopatra
Caesar's term as consul has expired
Caesar's term as consul has expired at the end of 48 BC.
- Cleopatra
Cleopatra's debts to the Roman Republic
In the meantime, however, she inherited her father's debts and owed the Roman Republic 17.5 million drachmas by the time Julius Caesar arrived at Alexandria in 48 BC.
- Cleopatra
Pompey's death
In a scheme devised by Theodotos, Pompey arrived by ship near Pelousion after being invited by written message, only to be ambushed and stabbed to death on 28 September 48 BC.
- Ptolemaic Kingdom
Julius Caesar left Rome for Alexandria
Julius Caesar left Rome for Alexandria in 48 BC in order to quell the looming civil war, as the war in Egypt, which was one of Rome's greatest suppliers of grain and other expensive goods, would have had a detrimental effect on trade with Rome, especially on Rome's working-class citizens.
- Library of Alexandria
Julius Caesar was besieged at Alexandria
In 48 BC, during Caesar's Civil War, Julius Caesar was besieged at Alexandria. His soldiers set fire to some of the Egyptian ships docked in the Alexandrian port while trying to clear the wharves to block the fleet belonging to Cleopatra's brother Ptolemy XIV. This fire purportedly spread to the parts of the city nearest to the docks, causing considerable devastation.
- Cleopatra
Battle of Pharsalus
In Greece, Caesar and Pompey's forces engaged each other at the decisive Battle of Pharsalus on 9 August 48 BC, leading to the destruction of most of Pompey's army and his forced flight to Tyre, Lebanon.
- Imperial China (Qin and Han dynasties)
Yuan of Han
Xuan's son Emperor Yuan of Han became emperor of the Han dynasty.
- Imperial China (Qin and Han dynasties)
Xuan died
Xuan "Emperor Xuan of Han" died.