What happened 962 AD

In 962, Otto was crowned Emperor by Pope John XII, thus intertwining the affairs of the German kingdom with those of Italy and the Papacy. Otto's coronation as Emperor marked the German kings as successors to the Empire of Charlemagne, which through the concept of translatio imperii, also made them consider themselves as successors to Ancient Rome.

The Holy Roman Empire became eventually composed of four kingdoms. The kingdoms were: Kingdom of Germany (part of the empire since 962), Kingdom of Italy (from 962 until 1648), Kingdom of Bohemia (since 1002 as the Duchy of Bohemia and raised to a kingdom in 1198), Kingdom of Burgundy (from 1032 to 1378).

Nikephoros II Phokas took the great city of Aleppo in 962.