In February 1910, the Gengxu New Army Uprising , also known as the Guangzhou New Army Uprising, took place. This involved a conflict between the citizens and local police against the New Army. After revolutionary leader Ni Yingdian was killed by Qing forces, the remaining revolutionaries were quickly defeated, causing the uprising to fail.
In February 1910, Churchill was promoted to Home Secretary, giving him control over the police and prison services, and he implemented a prison reform program. Measures included a distinction between criminal and political prisoners, with prison rules for the latter being relaxed.