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  • Bellaria-Igea Marina, Rimini, Italy
    Sunday Jan 10, 49 BC
    Roman Republic

    Caesar with his army crossed the river Rubicon

    Bellaria-Igea Marina, Rimini, Italy
    Sunday Jan 10, 49 BC

    On 10 January, Caesar with his veteran army crossed the river Rubicon, the legal boundary of Roman Italy beyond which no commander might bring his army.




  • Roman Republic (Present-Day Italy)
    Thursday Jan 7, 49 BC
    Roman Republic

    Senatus consultum ultimum was vested Pompey with dictatorial powers

    Roman Republic (Present-Day Italy)
    Thursday Jan 7, 49 BC

    On 7 January of 49, the Senate passed a senatus consultum ultimum, which vested Pompey with dictatorial powers. Pompey's army, however, was composed largely of untested conscripts.




  • Roman Republic (Present-Day Rome, Italy)
    Friday Jan 1, 49 BC
    Roman Republic

    Caesar presented an ultimatum to the senate

    Roman Republic (Present-Day Rome, Italy)
    Friday Jan 1, 49 BC

    On 1 January 49, an agent of Caesar presented an ultimatum to the senate.




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