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  • Central Europe (Present-Day Germany)
    Mar, 1848
    German revolutions of 1848–1849

    "March Revolution" in the German states

    Central Europe (Present-Day Germany)
    Mar, 1848

    The "March Revolution" in the German states took place in the south and the west of Germany, with large popular assemblies and mass demonstrations. Led by well-educated students and intellectuals, they demanded German national unity, freedom of the press, and freedom of assembly. The uprisings were poorly coordinated but had in common a rejection of traditional, autocratic political structures in the 39 independent states of the German Confederation.




  • Egypt
    Thursday Mar 2, 1848
    Ibrahim Pasha of Egypt

    Ibrahim was appointed Regent when his father became senile

    Egypt
    Thursday Mar 2, 1848

    Ibrahim was appointed Regent when his father became senile.




  • Central Europe (Present-Day Heidelberg, Baden-Württemberg, Germany)
    Monday Mar 6, 1848
    German revolutions of 1848–1849

    A group of German liberals began to make plans for an election to a German national assembly

    Central Europe (Present-Day Heidelberg, Baden-Württemberg, Germany)
    Monday Mar 6, 1848

    In Heidelberg, in the state of Baden, on March 6, 1848, a group of German liberals began to make plans for an election to a German national assembly. This prototype Parliament met on March 31, in Frankfurt's St. Paul's Church.




  • Central Europe (Present-Day Berlin, Germany)
    Mar, 1848
    German revolutions of 1848–1849

    "Address to the king"

    Central Europe (Present-Day Berlin, Germany)
    Mar, 1848

    In March 1848, crowds of people gathered in Berlin to present their demands in an "address to the king". King Frederick William IV, taken by surprise, verbally yielded to all the demonstrators' demands, including parliamentary elections, a constitution, and freedom of the press. He promised that "Prussia was to be merged forthwith into Germany."




  • Central Europe (Present-Day Vienna, Austria)
    Sunday Mar 12, 1848
    German revolutions of 1848–1849

    Vienna had been restive

    Central Europe (Present-Day Vienna, Austria)
    Sunday Mar 12, 1848

    Vienna had been restive and was encouraged by a sermon of Anton Füster, a liberal priest, on Sunday, March 12, 1848 in their university chapel. The student demonstrators demanded a constitution and a constituent assembly elected by universal male suffrage.




  • Vienna, Austria
    Monday Mar 13, 1848
    Revolutions of 1848

    Revolutions of 1848 in the Austrian Empire

    Vienna, Austria
    Monday Mar 13, 1848

    The Revolutions of 1848 in the Austrian Empire were a set of revolutions that took place in the Austrian Empire from March 1848 to November 1849.




  • Central Europe (Present-Day Tiergarten, Berlin, Germany)
    Monday Mar 13, 1848
    German revolutions of 1848–1849

    Warnings by the police against public demonstrations

    Central Europe (Present-Day Tiergarten, Berlin, Germany)
    Monday Mar 13, 1848

    On March 13, after warnings by the police against public demonstrations went unheeded, the army charged a group of people returning from a meeting in the Tiergarten, leaving one person dead and many injured.


  • France
    Mar, 1848
    German revolutions of 1848–1849

    The revolutions spread from France

    France
    Mar, 1848

    The revolutions spread from France across Europe; they erupted soon thereafter in Austria and Germany, beginning with the large demonstrations on March 13, 1848, in Vienna. This resulted in the resignation of Prince von Metternich as chief minister to Emperor Ferdinand I of Austria, and his going into exile in Britain. Because of the date of the Vienna demonstrations, the revolutions in Germany are usually called the March Revolution.


  • Central Europe (Present-Day Vienna, Austria)
    Mar, 1848
    German revolutions of 1848–1849

    Students mounted a large street demonstration in Vienna

    Central Europe (Present-Day Vienna, Austria)
    Mar, 1848

    On March 13, 1848 university students mounted a large street demonstration in Vienna, and it was covered by the press across the German-speaking states. Following the important, but relatively minor, demonstrations against royal mistress Lola Montez in Bavaria on February 9, 1848, the first major revolt of 1848 in German lands occurred in Vienna on March 13, 1848.


  • Central Europe (Present-Day Vienna, Austria)
    Tuesday Mar 14, 1848
    German revolutions of 1848–1849

    Emperor Ferdinand ordered to fire on the students rebels

    Central Europe (Present-Day Vienna, Austria)
    Tuesday Mar 14, 1848

    Emperor Ferdinand and his chief advisor Metternich directed troops to crush the demonstration. When demonstrators moved to the streets near the palace, the troops fired on the students, killing several. The new working class of Vienna joined the student demonstrations, developing an armed insurrection.


  • Wednesday Mar 15, 1848
    Revolutions of 1848

    Hungarian Revolution of 1848

    Wednesday Mar 15, 1848

    The Hungarian Revolution of 1848 or fully Hungarian Civic Revolution and War of Independence of 1848–1849 was one of many European Revolutions of 1848 and was closely linked to other revolutions of 1848 in the Habsburg areas. Although the revolution failed, it is one of the most significant events in Hungary's modern history, forming the cornerstone of modern Hungarian national identity.


  • Central Europe (Present-Day Bavaria, Germany)
    Thursday Mar 16, 1848
    German revolutions of 1848–1849

    Ludwig I abdicated in favor of his eldest son Maximilian II

    Central Europe (Present-Day Bavaria, Germany)
    Thursday Mar 16, 1848

    Ludwig tried to institute a few minor reforms but they proved insufficient to quell the storm of protests. On March 16, 1848, Ludwig I abdicated in favor of his eldest son Maximilian II. Ludwig complained that "I could not rule any longer, and I did not want to give up my powers".


  • Milan, Italy
    Saturday Mar 18, 1848
    Unification of Italy

    Tensions increased until the Milanese and Venetians rose in revolt

    Milan, Italy
    Saturday Mar 18, 1848

    In Lombardy, tensions increased until the Milanese and Venetians rose in revolt on 18 March 1848.


  • Central Europe (Present-Day Germany)
    Saturday Mar 18, 1848
    German revolutions of 1848–1849

    A large demonstration occurred in Germany

    Central Europe (Present-Day Germany)
    Saturday Mar 18, 1848

    On March 18, a large demonstration occurred. After two shots were fired, fearing that some of the 20,000 soldiers would be used against them, demonstrators erected barricades, and a battle ensued until troops were ordered 13 hours later to retreat, leaving hundreds dead.


  • Stockholm, Sweden
    Sunday Mar 19, 1848
    Revolutions of 1848

    March Unrest in the Swedish

    Stockholm, Sweden
    Sunday Mar 19, 1848

    During 18–19 March, a series of riots known as the March Unrest (Marsoroligheterna) took place in the Swedish capital of Stockholm. Declarations with demands of political reform were spread in the city and a crowd was dispersed by the military, leading to 18 casualties.


  • Central Europe (Present-Day Poznań, Greater Poland Voivodeship, Poland)
    Monday Mar 20, 1848
    German revolutions of 1848–1849

    Prussia annexing the Greater Polish region as the Province of Posen

    Central Europe (Present-Day Poznań, Greater Poland Voivodeship, Poland)
    Monday Mar 20, 1848

    It began on 20 March 1848 and resulted in Prussia annexing the Greater Polish region as the Province of Posen.


  • Central Europe (Present-Day Friedrichshain cemetery, Berlin, Germany)
    Tuesday Mar 21, 1848
    German revolutions of 1848–1849

    The King proceeded through the streets of Berlin to attend a mass funeral at the Friedrichshain cemetery for the civilian victims of the uprising

    Central Europe (Present-Day Friedrichshain cemetery, Berlin, Germany)
    Tuesday Mar 21, 1848

    On March 21, the King proceeded through the streets of Berlin to attend a mass funeral at the Friedrichshain cemetery for the civilian victims of the uprising. He and his ministers and generals wore the revolutionary tricolor of black, red, and gold. Polish prisoners, who had been jailed for planning a rebellion in formerly Polish territories now ruled by Prussia, were liberated and paraded through the city to the acclaim of the people.


  • Italy
    Thursday Mar 23, 1848
    Unification of Italy

    First Italian War of Independence

    Italy
    Thursday Mar 23, 1848

    The First Italian War of Independence, part of the Italian Unification, was fought by the Kingdom of Sardinia and Italian volunteers against the Austrian Empire and other conservative states from 23 March 1848 to 22 August 1849 in the Italian Peninsula.


  • Schleswig and Jutland
    Friday Mar 24, 1848
    Revolutions of 1848

    First Schleswig War

    Schleswig and Jutland
    Friday Mar 24, 1848

    The First Schleswig War was a military conflict in southern Denmark and northern Germany rooted in the Schleswig-Holstein Question, contesting the issue of who should control the mainly German-speaking Duchies of Schleswig, Holstein and Lauenburg. Ultimately, the Danish side proved victorious with the diplomatic support of the great powers.


  • Central Europe (Present-Day Austrian Empire)
    Mar, 1848
    German revolutions of 1848–1849

    Revolution in Vienna was a catalyst to revolution throughout the German states

    Central Europe (Present-Day Austrian Empire)
    Mar, 1848

    The March Revolution in Vienna was a catalyst to revolution throughout the German states. Popular demands were made for an elected representative government and for the unification of Germany.


  • Poland
    Mar, 1848
    Revolutions of 1848

    Greater Poland uprising

    Poland
    Mar, 1848

    The Greater Poland uprising of 1848 or Poznań Uprising was an unsuccessful military insurrection of Poles against Prussian forces, during the Spring of Nations period.


  • Central Europe (Present-Day Poznań, Greater Poland Voivodeship, Poland)
    Mar, 1848
    German revolutions of 1848–1849

    Greater Poland uprising of 1848

    Central Europe (Present-Day Poznań, Greater Poland Voivodeship, Poland)
    Mar, 1848

    The Greater Poland uprising of 1848 or Poznań Uprising was an unsuccessful military insurrection of Poles against Prussian forces, during the Spring of Nations period.


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