Cleopatra
Ptolemy XII responded to the threatened Roman annexation by offering lavish gifts to commanders of Roman
Rome, Italy
Ptolemy XII responded to the threatened Roman annexation of Egypt by offering lavish gifts to powerful Roman statesmen and military commanders, such as Pompey the Great (during his campaign against Mithridates VI of Pontus in the Third Mithridatic War) and Julius Caesar after the latter became consul in 59 BC.