Members of The British-administered Sudan Defence Force Equatorial Corps Mutinied
On 18 August 1955, members of the British-administered Sudan Defence Force Equatorial Corps mutinied in Torit, and in the following days in Juba, Yei, and Maridi.
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History of First Sudanese Civil War
Thursday Aug 18, 1955 to Monday Mar 27, 1972
Southern Sudan
The First Sudanese Civil War (also known as the Anyanya Rebellion or Anyanya I, after the name of the rebels, a term in the Madi language which means 'snake venom'), was a conflict from 1955 to 1972 between the northern part of Sudan and the southern Sudan region that demanded representation and more regional autonomy. Half a million people died over the 17 years of war, which may be divided into three stages: initial guerrilla war, Anyanya, and South Sudan Liberation Movement.
The Coup d'état of Chief of Staff Lt. Gen. Ibrahim Abboud
The government was unable to take advantage of rebel weaknesses because of their own factionalism and instability. The first independent government of Sudan, led by Prime Minister Ismail al-Azhari, was quickly replaced by a stalemated coalition of various conservative forces, which was in turn overthrown in the coup d'état of Chief of Staff Lt. Gen. Ibrahim Abboud in 1958.
The Creation of an Interim Government In 1964
Resentment at the military government led to a wave of popular protests that led to the creation of an interim government in October 1964.
Gordon Muortat Mayen Was Elected Unanimously as The New Leader of The South
In 1969, Gordon Muortat Mayen was elected unanimously as the new leader of the South. Southern Sudan in this time changed their name to the Nile Republic and resumed warfare against Khartoum, however some of the former leader Jaden's troops would not accept a Dinka leader and fought against the Anyanya.
Aggrey Jaden Left The Movement
The South was first led by the late leader Aggrey Jaden; he left the movement in 1969 due to internal political disputes.
The Second Military Coup
After a second military coup on 25 May 1969, Col. Gaafar Nimeiry became Prime Minister and promptly outlawed political parties.
Joseph Lagu Formed a Successful Coup d'état against Gordon Muortat
In 1971, former army lieutenant Joseph Lagu formed a successful coup d'état against Gordon Muortat with help from Israel, which pledged him their support. He then gathered all the guerilla bands under his Southern Sudan Liberation Movement (SSLM).
1971 Sudanese Coup d'état
In-fighting between Marxist and non-Marxist factions in the ruling military class led to another coup in July 1971 and a short-lived administration by the Sudanese Communist Party before anti-Communist factions put Nimeiry back in control of the country.
The Addis Ababa Agreement
Mediation between the World Council of Churches (WCC) and the All Africa Conference of Churches (AACC), both of which spent years building up trust with the two combatants, eventually led to the Addis Ababa Agreement of March 1972 ending the conflict.