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Great Wall of China

Early walls

9th Century BC
Liaodong and Lintao, China

During the 5th and 8th centuries BC, and the subsequent Warring States period, the states of Qin, Wei, Zhao, Qi, Han, Yan, and Zhongshan all constructed extensive fortifications to defend their own borders. Built to withstand the attack of small arms such as swords and spears, these walls were made mostly of stone or by stamping earth and gravel between board frames.


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