Ibrahim's birth
Ibrahim Pasha was born in 1789.
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History of Ibrahim Pasha of Egypt
1789 to 1848
Egypt
Ibrahim Pasha was a general in the Egyptian army and the eldest son of Muhammad Ali, the Wāli and unrecognised Khedive of Egypt and Sudan. He served as a general in the Egyptian army that his father established during his reign, taking his first command of Egyptian forces when he was merely a teenager. In the final year of his life, he succeeded his still living father as ruler of Egypt and Sudan, due to the latter's ill health. His rule also extended over the other dominions that his father had brought under Egyptian rule, namely Syria, Hejaz, Morea, Thasos, and Crete. Ibrahim pre-deceased his father, dying 10 November 1848, only four months after acceding to the throne. Upon his father's death the following year, the Egyptian throne passed to Ibrahim's nephew (son of Muhammad Ali's second oldest son), Abbas.
Ibrahim sent as a hostage to the Ottoman captain Pasha
In 1805, during his father's struggle to establish himself as ruler of Egypt, the adolescent Ibrahim, at 16, was sent as a hostage to the Ottoman captain Pasha.
The Ottoman/Egyptian-Wahhabi War
The Ottoman/Egyptian-Wahhabi War also known as Ottoman/Egyptian-Saudi War was fought from early 1811 to 1818, between Ottoman Egypt under Muhammad Ali Pasha and the army of the Emirate of Diriyah.
Ibrahim was left in command of Upper Egypt
Muhammad Ali went to Arabia to prosecute the war against the Ibn Saud in 1813, Ibrahim was left in command of Upper Egypt.
Muhammad Ali landed at Yanbu
Muhammad Ali landed at Yanbu, the port of Medina, in 1813. Ibrahim's task was to follow them into the desert of Nejd and destroy their fortresses.
Ibrahim succeeded his brother Tusun Pasha in command of the Egyptian forces
In 1816, he succeeded his brother Tusun Pasha in command of the Egyptian forces in Arabia.
Ibrahim had forced the Saudi leader to surrender
By the end of September 1818, he had forced the Saudi leader to surrender and had taken Diriyah, which he sacked.
Ibrahim entry into Cairo
On December 11, 1819, he made a triumphal entry into Cairo. After his return, Ibrahim gave effective support to the Frenchman, Colonel Sève (Suleiman Pasha), who was employed to drill the army on the European model.
Greeks had decisively defeated
In 1822, the Greeks had decisively defeated an army of some 30,000 men under Sultanzade Mahmud Dramali Pasha.
Sudan and Kordofan was under Egyptian control
By the beginning of 1822, all of riverine Sudan and Kordofan were under Egyptian control.
Ibrahim was sent to the Peloponnese
Ibrahim was sent to the Peloponnese with a squadron and an army of 17,000 men. The expedition sailed on July 4, 1824, but was for some months unable to do more than come and go between Rhodes and Crete.
Muhammad Ali was appointed governor of the Morea
In 1824, Muhammad Ali was appointed governor of the Morea (the Peloponnese peninsula in southern Greece) by Ottoman Sultan Mahmud II.
The Ottoman–Egyptian invasion of Mani
The Ottoman–Egyptian invasion of Mani was a campaign during the Greek War of Independence that consisted of three battles. The Maniots fought against a combined Egyptian and Ottoman army under the command of Ibrahim Pasha of Egypt.
Ibrahim Pasha attacks Missolonghi
Ibrahim Pasha attacks Missolonghi in the year 1826.
Ibrahim defeated Ottoman army at Homs
He defeated the Ottoman army at Homs.
Ibrahim Pasha defeated Ottoman army at Beilan
Ibrahim defeated the Ottoman army at Beilan.
Ibrahim was sent to conquer Syria
In 1831, his father's quarrel with the Porte having become flagrant, Ibrahim was sent to conquer Syria.
Ibrahim Pasha occupied Damascus
Ibrahim occupied Damascus.
The First Egyptian–Ottoman War
The First Egyptian–Ottoman War, First Turco-Egyptian War, or First Syrian War was a military conflict between the Ottoman Empire and Egypt brought about by Muhammad Ali Pasha's demand to the Sublime Porte for control of Greater Syria.
Ibrahim Pasha were sent north to besiege Acre
Ibrahim Pasha was sent north to besiege Acre in October 1831. After Abdullah Pasha ibn Ali governor of Acre refused request to contribute towards Muhammad Ali's war effort.
Ibrahim's forces won and captured the Grand Vizier
The Grand Vizier, in a last-ditch attempt to block Ibrahim's advance towards the capital. While Ibrahim commanded a force of 50,000 men, most of them were spread out along his supply lines from Cairo, and he had only 15,000 in Konya. Nevertheless, when the armies met on December 21, Ibrahim's forces won in a rout, capturing the Grand Vizier after he became lost in fog attempting to rally the collapsing left flank of his forces.
Ibrahim Pasha defeated Vizier Reşid Mehmed Pasha
Ibrahim routed the Grand Vizier Reşid Mehmed Pasha at Konya on December 21.
Acre fell to Ibrahim's army six months
The city fell to Ibrahim's army six months later in May 1832. After Acre, he continued on to win control of Aleppo, Homs, Beirut, Sidon, Tripoli, and Damascus.
Ibrahim Pasha took Acre
He took Acre after a severe siege on May 27, 1832.
The Egyptian army continued their campaign into Anatolia
With the provinces of Greater Syria under his control, the Egyptian army continued their campaign into Anatolia in late 1832.
The Battle of Konya
On 21 November 1832, the Egyptian forces occupied the city of Konya in central Anatolia, within striking distance of the imperial capital of Constantinople.
Convention of Kütahya
The Convention of Kütahya on May 6 left Syria for a time in the hands of Muhammad Ali. Ibrahim was undoubtedly helped by Colonel Sève and the European officers in his army. After the campaign of 1832 and 1833, Ibrahim remained as governor in Syria.
After Convention of Kütahya
After the campaign of 1832 and 1833, Ibrahim remained as governor in Syria.
Casemates of İbrahim Pasha
The Casemates of Ibrahim Pasha, are a number of casemates built by Ibrahim Pasha of Egypt in 1833 to the north of Gülek Pass in southern Turkey.
Peasants' revolt in Palestine
During the 1834 peasants' revolt in Palestine, Ibrahim Pasha besieged the Transjordanian city of Al-Karak for 17 days, in pursuit of the revolt's leader Qasim al-Ahmad.
The Syrian Peasant Revolt
The Syrian Peasant Revolt was an armed uprising of Levantine peasant classes against the rule of Ibrahim Pasha of Egypt in 1834–35.
Ibrahim won his last victory for his father at Nezib
The Porte felt strong enough to renew the struggle, and war broke out once more. Ibrahim won his last victory for his father at Nezib on June 24, 1839.
The Second Egyptian–Ottoman War
The Battle of Nezib was fought on 24 June 1839 between Egypt and the Ottoman Empire. The Egyptians were led by Ibrahim Pasha, while the Ottomans were led by Hafiz Osman Pasha.
The Convention of London of 1840
It was signed on 15 July 1840 between the Great Powers of the United Kingdom, Austria, Prussia, Russia on one hand and the Ottoman Empire on the other. The Convention lent some support to the Ottoman Empire, which was having difficulties with its Egyptian possessions.
The United Kingdom and the Austrian Empire intervened to preserve the integrity of the Ottoman Empire
But the United Kingdom and the Austrian Empire intervened to preserve the integrity of the Ottoman Empire. Their squadrons cut his communications by the sea with Egypt, a general revolt isolated him in Syria, and he was finally compelled to evacuate the country in February 1841.
The Karakis were to take their revenge from Ibrahim Pasha
The Karakis were to take their revenge from Ibrahim Pasha, 6 years later when the Pasha and his Egyptian army were driven out of Damascus.
Ibrahim Pasha lost most of his army, ammunition and animals
In 1841, as the Pasha and his troops took the Hajj road from Damascus, they were persistently attacked all the way from Qatraneh to Gaza. The weary army was killed and robbed, and by the time Ibrahim Pasha reached Gaza, the commander had lost most of his army, ammunition, and animals.
Ibrahim paid a visit to Western Europe
In 1846 he paid a visit to Western Europe, where he was received with some respect and a great deal of curiosity.
Ibrahim was appointed Regent when his father became senile
Ibrahim was appointed Regent when his father became senile.
Ibrahim Pasha's death
Ibrahim Pasha's death on 10 November 1848.