شعار مسودة التاريخ
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  • France
    1833
    Cameras

    Niépce and Heliography

    France
    1833

    Niépce had been experimenting with ways to fix the images of a camera obscura since 1816. The photograph Niépce succeeded in creating shows the view from his window. It was made using an 8-hour exposure on pewter coated with bitumen. Niépce called his process "heliography". Niépce corresponded with the inventor Louis-Jacques-Mandé Daguerre, and the pair entered into a partnership to improve the heliographic process. Niépce had experimented further with other chemicals, to improve contrast in his heliographs. Daguerre contributed an improved camera obscura design, but the partnership ended when Niépce died in 1833.




  • Ottoman Empire
    1833
    Ottoman Empire

    Begging for help

    Ottoman Empire
    1833

    In desperation, the defeated Sultan Mahmud II appealed to the empire's traditional arch-rival Russia for help, asking Emperor Nicholas I to send an expeditionary force to assist him and to save his reign. In return for signing the Treaty of Hünkâr İskelesi, the Russians sent the expeditionary force which deterred Ibrahim Pasha from marching any further towards Constantinople.




  • Kütahya, Ottoman Empire
    Sunday 5 May 1833
    Ottoman Empire

    Convention of Kütahya

    Kütahya, Ottoman Empire
    Sunday 5 May 1833

    Under the terms of the Convention of Kütahya, signed on 5 May 1833, Muhammad Ali Pasha agreed to abandon his campaign against the Sultan, in exchange for which he was made the vali (governor) of the vilayets (provinces) of Crete, Aleppo, Tripoli, Damascus and Sidon (the latter four comprising modern Syria and Lebanon), and given the right to collect taxes in Adana.




  • Kütahya, Ottoman Empire
    May 1833
    Muhammad Ali of Egypt

    Convention of Kütahya

    Kütahya, Ottoman Empire
    May 1833

    Russia's gain dismayed the British and French governments, resulting in their direct intervention. From this position, the European powers brokered a negotiated solution in May 1833 known as the Convention of Kutahya. The terms of the peace were that Ali would withdraw his forces from Anatolia and receive the territories of Crete (then known as Candia) and the Hijaz as compensation, and Ibrahim Pasha would be appointed Wāli of Syria. The peace agreement fell short, however, of granting Muhammad Ali an independent kingdom for himself, leaving him wanting.




  • U.S.
    1833
    Frederick Douglass

    Thomas sent Douglass to work for Edward Covey

    U.S.
    1833

    In 1833, Thomas Auld took Douglass back from Hugh ("[a]s a means of punishing Hugh," Douglass later wrote). Thomas sent Douglass to work for Edward Covey, a poor farmer who had a reputation as a "slave-breaker." He whipped Douglass so regularly that his wounds had little time to heal. Douglass later said the frequent whippings broke his body, soul, and spirit. The 16-year-old Douglass finally rebelled against the beatings, however, and fought back. After Douglass won a physical confrontation, Covey never tried to beat him again.




  • Ottoman Empire
    Monday 8 Jul 1833
    Muhammad Ali of Egypt

    Treaty of Hünkâr İskelesi

    Ottoman Empire
    Monday 8 Jul 1833

    Despite this show, Muhammad Ali's goal was now to remove the current Ottoman Sultan Mahmud II and replace him with the sultan's son, the infant Abdülmecid. This possibility so alarmed Mahmud II that he accepted Russia's offer of military aid resulting in the Treaty of Hünkâr İskelesi.




  • Tarsus, Mersin Province, Turkey
    1833
    Ibrahim Pasha of Egypt

    Casemates of İbrahim Pasha

    Tarsus, Mersin Province, Turkey
    1833

    The Casemates of Ibrahim Pasha, are a number of casemates built by Ibrahim Pasha of Egypt in 1833 to the north of Gülek Pass in southern Turkey.


  • Stockholm, Sweden
    Monday 21 Oct 1833
    Alfred Nobel

    Birth

    Stockholm, Sweden
    Monday 21 Oct 1833

    Born in Stockholm, Alfred Nobel was the third son of Immanuel Nobel (1801–1872), an inventor and engineer, and Carolina Andriette (Ahlsell) Nobel (1805–1889).


  • Present-Day Kayseri Province, Turkey
    1833 BC
    Hittites

    Zalpuwa first attacked Kanesh under Uhna

    Present-Day Kayseri Province, Turkey
    1833 BC

    Zalpuwa first attacked Kanesh under Uhna in 1833 BC.


  • France
    1833
    Cameras

    Niépce and Heliography

    France
    1833

    Niépce had been experimenting with ways to fix the images of a camera obscura since 1816. The photograph Niépce succeeded in creating shows the view from his window. It was made using an 8-hour exposure on pewter coated with bitumen. Niépce called his process "heliography". Niépce corresponded with the inventor Louis-Jacques-Mandé Daguerre, and the pair entered into a partnership to improve the heliographic process. Niépce had experimented further with other chemicals, to improve contrast in his heliographs. Daguerre contributed an improved camera obscura design, but the partnership ended when Niépce died in 1833.


  • Ottoman Empire
    1833
    Ottoman Empire

    Begging for help

    Ottoman Empire
    1833

    In desperation, the defeated Sultan Mahmud II appealed to the empire's traditional arch-rival Russia for help, asking Emperor Nicholas I to send an expeditionary force to assist him and to save his reign. In return for signing the Treaty of Hünkâr İskelesi, the Russians sent the expeditionary force which deterred Ibrahim Pasha from marching any further towards Constantinople.


  • Kütahya, Ottoman Empire
    Sunday 5 May 1833
    Ottoman Empire

    Convention of Kütahya

    Kütahya, Ottoman Empire
    Sunday 5 May 1833

    Under the terms of the Convention of Kütahya, signed on 5 May 1833, Muhammad Ali Pasha agreed to abandon his campaign against the Sultan, in exchange for which he was made the vali (governor) of the vilayets (provinces) of Crete, Aleppo, Tripoli, Damascus and Sidon (the latter four comprising modern Syria and Lebanon), and given the right to collect taxes in Adana.


  • Kütahya, Ottoman Empire
    May 1833
    Muhammad Ali of Egypt

    Convention of Kütahya

    Kütahya, Ottoman Empire
    May 1833

    Russia's gain dismayed the British and French governments, resulting in their direct intervention. From this position, the European powers brokered a negotiated solution in May 1833 known as the Convention of Kutahya. The terms of the peace were that Ali would withdraw his forces from Anatolia and receive the territories of Crete (then known as Candia) and the Hijaz as compensation, and Ibrahim Pasha would be appointed Wāli of Syria. The peace agreement fell short, however, of granting Muhammad Ali an independent kingdom for himself, leaving him wanting.


  • U.S.
    1833
    Frederick Douglass

    Thomas sent Douglass to work for Edward Covey

    U.S.
    1833

    In 1833, Thomas Auld took Douglass back from Hugh ("[a]s a means of punishing Hugh," Douglass later wrote). Thomas sent Douglass to work for Edward Covey, a poor farmer who had a reputation as a "slave-breaker." He whipped Douglass so regularly that his wounds had little time to heal. Douglass later said the frequent whippings broke his body, soul, and spirit. The 16-year-old Douglass finally rebelled against the beatings, however, and fought back. After Douglass won a physical confrontation, Covey never tried to beat him again.


  • Ottoman Empire
    Monday 8 Jul 1833
    Muhammad Ali of Egypt

    Treaty of Hünkâr İskelesi

    Ottoman Empire
    Monday 8 Jul 1833

    Despite this show, Muhammad Ali's goal was now to remove the current Ottoman Sultan Mahmud II and replace him with the sultan's son, the infant Abdülmecid. This possibility so alarmed Mahmud II that he accepted Russia's offer of military aid resulting in the Treaty of Hünkâr İskelesi.


  • Tarsus, Mersin Province, Turkey
    1833
    Ibrahim Pasha of Egypt

    Casemates of İbrahim Pasha

    Tarsus, Mersin Province, Turkey
    1833

    The Casemates of Ibrahim Pasha, are a number of casemates built by Ibrahim Pasha of Egypt in 1833 to the north of Gülek Pass in southern Turkey.


  • Stockholm, Sweden
    Monday 21 Oct 1833
    Alfred Nobel

    Birth

    Stockholm, Sweden
    Monday 21 Oct 1833

    Born in Stockholm, Alfred Nobel was the third son of Immanuel Nobel (1801–1872), an inventor and engineer, and Carolina Andriette (Ahlsell) Nobel (1805–1889).


  • Present-Day Kayseri Province, Turkey
    1833 BC
    Hittites

    Zalpuwa first attacked Kanesh under Uhna

    Present-Day Kayseri Province, Turkey
    1833 BC

    Zalpuwa first attacked Kanesh under Uhna in 1833 BC.


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