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  • Syria and Galilee
    1799
    Napoleon

    Napoleon moved an army into the Ottoman province of Damascus

    Syria and Galilee
    1799

    In early 1799, Napoleon moved an army into the Ottoman province of Damascus (Syria and Galilee). Bonaparte led these 13,000 French soldiers in the conquest of the coastal towns of Arish, Gaza, Jaffa, and Haifa.




  • Vienna, Austria
    1799
    Beethoven

    Winning a Piano Duel

    Vienna, Austria
    1799

    In 1799 Beethoven participated in (and won) a notorious piano 'duel' at the home of Baron Raimund Wetzlar (a former patron of Mozart) against the virtuoso Joseph Wölfl, and in the following year, he similarly triumphed against Daniel Steibelt at the salon of Count Moritz von Fries.




  • Jaffa, Sidon Eyalet, Ottoman Empire (Present Day Jaffa, Israel)
    Sunday Mar 3, 1799
    Napoleon

    Siege of Jaffa

    Jaffa, Sidon Eyalet, Ottoman Empire (Present Day Jaffa, Israel)
    Sunday Mar 3, 1799

    The attack on Jaffa was particularly brutal. Bonaparte discovered that many of the defenders were former prisoners of war, ostensibly on parole, so he ordered the garrison and 1,400 prisoners to be executed by bayonet or drowning to save bullets.




  • Acre, Ottoman Empire (Present Day Acre, Israel)
    Wednesday Mar 20, 1799
    Napoleon

    Siege of Acre

    Acre, Ottoman Empire (Present Day Acre, Israel)
    Wednesday Mar 20, 1799

    Napoleon failed to reduce the fortress of Acre, so he marched his army back to Egypt in May.




  • Vienna, Austria
    May, 1799
    Beethoven

    Falling in Love

    Vienna, Austria
    May, 1799

    In May 1799, he taught piano to the daughters of Hungarian Countess Anna Brunsvik. During this time, he fell in love with the younger daughter Josephine.




  • Vienna, Austria
    1799
    Beethoven

    The Pathétique

    Vienna, Austria
    1799

    Beethoven's eighth piano sonata the "Pathétique" (Op. 13), published in 1799 is described by the musicologist Barry Cooper as "surpassing any of his previous compositions, in the strength of character, depth of emotion, level of originality, and ingenuity of motivic and tonal manipulation."




  • U.S.
    Tuesday Jul 9, 1799
    George Washington

    Washington finished making his last will

    U.S.
    Tuesday Jul 9, 1799

    On July 9, 1799, Washington finished making his last will; the longest provision concerned slavery. All his slaves were to be freed after the death of his wife Martha. Washington said he did not free them immediately because his slaves intermarried with his wife's dower slaves. He forbade their sale or transportation out of Virginia. His will provided that old and young freed people be taken care of indefinitely; younger ones were to be taught to read and write and placed in suitable occupations. Washington freed more than 160 slaves, including 25 he had acquired from his wife's brother in payment of a debt freed by graduation. He was among the few large slave-holding Virginians during the Revolutionary Era who emancipated their slaves.


  • Abu Qir, Egypt
    Thursday Jul 25, 1799
    Napoleon

    Battle of Abu Qir (1799)

    Abu Qir, Egypt
    Thursday Jul 25, 1799

    Back in Egypt on 25 July, Bonaparte defeated an Ottoman amphibious invasion at Abukir.


  • France
    Saturday Aug 24, 1799
    Napoleon

    Napoleon sailed for France

    France
    Saturday Aug 24, 1799

    On 24 August 1799, Napoleon took advantage of the temporary departure of British ships from French coastal ports and set sail for France, despite the fact that he had received no explicit orders from Paris.


  • Acre, Israel
    1799
    Mamluks

    Siege of Acre (1799)

    Acre, Israel
    1799

    The siege of Acre of 1799 was an unsuccessful French siege of the Ottoman city of Acre, As a result of the failed siege, Napoleon Bonaparte retreated two months later and withdrew to Egypt.


  • France
    Saturday Nov 9, 1799
    Napoleon

    Coup d'état on 9 November 1799

    France
    Saturday Nov 9, 1799

    Despite the failures in Egypt, Napoleon returned to a hero's welcome. He drew together an alliance with director Emmanuel Joseph Sieyès, his brother Lucien, speaker of the Council of Five Hundred Roger Ducos, director Joseph Fouché, and Talleyrand, and they overthrew the Directory by a coup d'état on 9 November 1799 ("the 18th Brumaire" according to the revolutionary calendar), closing down the Council of Five Hundred.


  • Rosetta, Egypt
    1799
    Napoleon

    Rosetta Stone discovered

    Rosetta, Egypt
    1799

    The Egyptian expedition's discoveries included the Rosetta Stone.


  • Mount Vernon, Virginia, U.S.
    Thursday Dec 12, 1799
    George Washington

    Washington inspected his farms on horseback in snow and sleet

    Mount Vernon, Virginia, U.S.
    Thursday Dec 12, 1799

    On Thursday, December 12, 1799, Washington inspected his farms on horseback in snow and sleet. He returned home late for dinner but refused to change out of his wet clothes, not wanting to keep his guests waiting. He had a sore throat the following day but again went out in freezing, snowy weather to mark trees for cutting. That evening, he complained of chest congestion, but was still cheerful.


  • Mount Vernon, Virginia, U.S.
    Sunday Dec 15, 1799
    George Washington

    Death

    Mount Vernon, Virginia, U.S.
    Sunday Dec 15, 1799

    According to Lear, he died peacefully between 10 and 11 p.m. on Saturday, December 14, 1799, with Martha seated at the foot of his bed. His last words were "'Tis well", from his conversation with Lear about his burial. He was 67.


  • France
    Tuesday Dec 24, 1799
    Napoleon

    Constitution of the Year VIII

    France
    Tuesday Dec 24, 1799

    Napoleon drafted the Constitution of the Year VIII and secured his own election as First Consul, taking up residence at the Tuileries.


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