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  • Vienna, Austria
    1807
    Beethoven

    Attracting recognition

    Vienna, Austria
    1807

    Beethoven continued to attract recognition. In 1807 the musician and publisher Muzio Clementi secured the rights for publishing his works in England, and Haydn's former patron Prince Esterházy commissioned a mass (the Mass in C, Op. 86) for his wife's name-day. But he could not count on such recognition alone. A colossal benefit concert which he organized in December 1808, and was widely advertised, including the premieres of the Fifth and Sixth (Pastoral) symphonies, the Fourth Piano Concerto, extracts from the Mass in C, the scena and aria Ah! perfido Op. 65 and the Choral Fantasy op. 80. There was a large audience, (including Czerny and the young Ignaz Moscheles). But it was under-rehearsed, involved many stops and starts, and during the Fantasia Beethoven was noted shouting at the musicians "badly played, wrong, again!" The financial outcome is unknown.




  • U.S.
    1807
    Robert Fulton

    Clermont

    U.S.
    1807

    In 1807, he and Robert R. Livingston built the first commercially successful steamboat, North River Steamboat (later known as Clermont). Livingston's shipping company began using it to carry passengers between New York City and up the Hudson River to the state capital Albany. Clermont made the 150-mile (240 km) trip in 32 hours. Passengers on the maiden voyage included a lawyer Jones and his family from Bethlehem, Pennsylvania. His infant daughter Alexandra Jones later served as a Union nurse on a steamboat hospital in the American Civil War.




  • Persian Empire (Present Day Iran)
    1807
    Napoleon

    Collapsed alliance

    Persian Empire (Present Day Iran)
    1807

    A Franco-Persian alliance was also formed between Napoleon and the Persian Empire of Fat′h-Ali Shah Qajar. It collapsed in 1807, when France and Russia themselves formed an unexpected alliance.




  • Preussisch Eylau, East Prussia (Present Day Bagrationovsk, Russia)
    Saturday Feb 7, 1807
    Napoleon

    Battle of Eylau

    Preussisch Eylau, East Prussia (Present Day Bagrationovsk, Russia)
    Saturday Feb 7, 1807

    Napoleon marched against the advancing Russian armies through Poland and was involved in the bloody stalemate at the Battle of Eylau in February 1807.




  • Venezuela
    1807
    Simón Bolívar

    Bolívar returned to Venezuela

    Venezuela
    1807

    Bolívar returned to Venezuela in 1807. After a coup on 19 April 1810, Venezuela achieved de facto independence when the Supreme Junta of Caracas was established and the colonial administrators deposed. The Supreme Junta sent a delegation to Great Britain to get British recognition and aid. This delegation presided by Bolívar also included two future Venezuelan notables Andrés Bello and Luis López Méndez. The trio met with Francisco de Miranda and persuaded him to return to his native land.




  • Heilsberg, East Prussia (Lidzbark Warmiński, Poland)
    Wednesday Jun 10, 1807
    Napoleon

    Battle of Heilsberg

    Heilsberg, East Prussia (Lidzbark Warmiński, Poland)
    Wednesday Jun 10, 1807

    After a period of rest and consolidation on both sides (French forces and Russian forces), the war restarted in June with an initial struggle at Heilsberg that proved indecisive.




  • Friedland, Prussia (Present Day Pravdinsk, Russia)
    Sunday Jun 14, 1807
    Napoleon

    Battle of Friedland

    Friedland, Prussia (Present Day Pravdinsk, Russia)
    Sunday Jun 14, 1807

    On 14 June Napoleon obtained an overwhelming victory over the Russians at the Battle of Friedland, wiping out the majority of the Russian army in a very bloody struggle. The scale of their defeat convinced the Russians to make peace with the French.


  • Tilsit (Present Day Sovetsk, Kaliningrad Oblast, Russia)
    Friday Jun 19, 1807
    Napoleon

    Tsar Alexander sent an envoy to seek an armistice with Napoleon

    Tilsit (Present Day Sovetsk, Kaliningrad Oblast, Russia)
    Friday Jun 19, 1807

    On 19 June, Tsar Alexander sent an envoy to seek an armistice with Napoleon. The latter assured the envoy that the Vistula River represented the natural borders between French and Russian influence in Europe. On that basis, the two emperors began peace negotiations at the town of Tilsit after meeting on an iconic raft on the River Niemen. The very first thing Alexander said to Napoleon was probably well-calibrated: "I hate the English as much as you do".


  • Tilsit (Present Day Sovetsk, Kaliningrad Oblast, Russia)
    Tuesday Jul 7, 1807
    Napoleon

    Treaties of Tilsit

    Tilsit (Present Day Sovetsk, Kaliningrad Oblast, Russia)
    Tuesday Jul 7, 1807

    Moreover, Alexander's pretensions at friendship with Napoleon led the latter to seriously misjudge the true intentions of his Russian counterpart, who would violate numerous provisions of the treaty in the next few years. Despite these problems, the Treaties of Tilsit at last gave Napoleon a respite from war and allowed him to return to France, which he had not seen in over 300 days.


  • Pyrenees mountains ( Spain, France and Andorra)
    Saturday Oct 17, 1807
    Napoleon

    French troops crossed the Pyrenees

    Pyrenees mountains ( Spain, France and Andorra)
    Saturday Oct 17, 1807

    On 17 October 1807, 24,000 French troops under General Junot crossed the Pyrenees with Spanish cooperation and headed towards Portugal to enforce Napoleon's orders.


  • Fontainebleau, France
    Tuesday Oct 27, 1807
    Napoleon

    Treaty of Fontainebleau (October 1807)

    Fontainebleau, France
    Tuesday Oct 27, 1807

    Unhappy with this change of policy by the Portuguese government, Napoleon negotiated a secret treaty with Charles IV of Spain and sent an army to invade Portugal.


  • (Present Day in Germany)
    Dec, 1807
    Napoleon

    Westphalia

    (Present Day in Germany)
    Dec, 1807

    Napoleon dictated very harsh peace terms for Prussia, despite the ceaseless exhortations of Queen Louise. Wiping out half of Prussian territories from the map, Napoleon created a new kingdom of 2,800 square kilometres (1,100 sq mi) called Westphalia and appointed his young brother Jérôme as its monarch. Prussia's humiliating treatment at Tilsit caused a deep and bitter antagonism which festered as the Napoleonic era progressed.


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