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  • Vienna, Austria
    1819
    Beethoven

    Resurgence

    Vienna, Austria
    1819

    In 1819 Beethoven began work on the Diabelli Variations and the Missa Solemnis, composing over the next few years piano sonatas and bagatelles to satisfy the demands of publishers and the need for income. He was ill again for an extended time in 1821 and completed the Missa in 1823, three years after its original due date. Around 1822 his brother Johann began to assist him in his business affairs, including him lending him money against ownership of some of his compositions.




  • Angostura, Venezuela
    Monday Feb 15, 1819
    Simón Bolívar

    Venezuelan Second National Congress

    Angostura, Venezuela
    Monday Feb 15, 1819

    On 15 February 1819, Bolívar was able to open the Venezuelan Second National Congress in Angostura, in which he was elected president and Francisco Antonio Zea was elected vice president. Bolívar then decided that he would first fight for the independence of New Granada, to gain resources of the vice royalty, intending later to consolidate the independence of Venezuela.




  • Istanbul, Ottoman Empire
    May, 1819
    Muhammad Ali of Egypt

    Abdullah ibn Saud was sent to Istanbul and executed

    Istanbul, Ottoman Empire
    May, 1819

    While the campaign was successful, the power of the Saudis was not broken. They continued to harass Ottoman and Egyptian forces from the central Nejd region of the Peninsula. Consequently, Muhammad Ali dispatched another of his sons, Ibrahim, at the head of another army to finally rout the Saudis. Then, the Saudis were crushed and most of the Saudi family was captured. The family leader, Abdullah ibn Saud, was sent to Istanbul and executed.




  • U.S.
    Sunday Jul 4, 1819
    Flag of the United States

    Star for Illinois

    U.S.
    Sunday Jul 4, 1819

    The flag was changed to have 21 stars, with a new star to be added for Illinois.




  • Boyacá, Colombia
    Saturday Aug 7, 1819
    Simón Bolívar

    Battle of Boyacá

    Boyacá, Colombia
    Saturday Aug 7, 1819

    The campaign for the independence of New Granada, which included the crossing of the Andes mountain range, one of history's military feats, was consolidated with the victory at the Battle of Boyacá on 7 August 1819. The Battle of Boyacá (1819), was the decisive battle that ensured the success of Bolívar's campaign to liberate New Granada. The battle of Boyaca is considered the beginning of the independence of the North of South America, and is considered important because it led to the victories of the battle of Carabobo in Venezuela, Pichincha in Ecuador, and Junín and Ayacucho in Peru.




  • London, England, U.K.
    1819
    Bicycle

    First in London

    London, England, U.K.
    1819

    During the summer of 1819, the "hobby-horse", thanks in part to Johnson's marketing skills and better patent protection, became the craze and fashion in London society.




  • Giza, Egypt
    1819
    Muhammad Ali of Egypt

    Bulaq Press

    Giza, Egypt
    1819

    In 1819/21, his government founded the first indigenous press in the Arab World, the Bulaq Press. The Bulaq Press published the official gazette of Muhammad Ali's government.


  • U.S.
    Friday Dec 3, 1819
    Abraham Lincoln

    Thomas married Sarah Bush Johnston

    U.S.
    Friday Dec 3, 1819

    On December 2, 1819, Thomas married Sarah Bush Johnston, a widow from Elizabethtown, Kentucky, with three children of her own. Abraham became close to his stepmother, and called her "Mother".


  • Cairo, Egypt
    Saturday Dec 11, 1819
    Ibrahim Pasha of Egypt

    Ibrahim entry into Cairo

    Cairo, Egypt
    Saturday Dec 11, 1819

    On December 11, 1819, he made a triumphal entry into Cairo. After his return, Ibrahim gave effective support to the Frenchman, Colonel Sève (Suleiman Pasha), who was employed to drill the army on the European model.


  • Angostura, Venezuela
    Friday Dec 17, 1819
    Simón Bolívar

    Bolívar returned to Angostura

    Angostura, Venezuela
    Friday Dec 17, 1819

    Bolívar returned to Angostura, when congress passed a law forming a greater Republic of Colombia on 17 December, making Bolívar president and Zea vice president, with Francisco de Paula Santander vice president on the New Granada side, and Juan Germán Roscio vice president on the Venezuela side.


  • London, United Kingdom
    1819
    Bicycle

    Out of their Boots

    London, United Kingdom
    1819

    Riders, in London, wore out their boots surprisingly rapidly, and the fashion of riding the dandy horse, bicycles, ended within the year, In 1819, after riders on pavements, sidewalks, were fined two pounds.


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