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  • China
    1936
    Chinese Civil War

    Chiang was placed under house arrest

    China
    1936

    In 1936, Zhou Enlai and Zhang Xueliang grew closer, with Zhang even suggesting that he join the CPC. However, this was turned down by the Comintern in the USSR. Later on, Zhou persuaded Zhang and Yang Hucheng, another warlord, to instigate the Xi'an Incident. Chiang was placed under house arrest and forced to stop his attacks on the Red Army, instead focusing on the Japanese threat.




  • Chechnya, Russia
    1936
    First Chechen War

    Chechen-Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic

    Chechnya, Russia
    1936

    In 1936, Soviet leader Joseph Stalin established the Chechen-Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic.




  • Breslau (Now: Wrocław, Poland)
    1936
    Oskar Schindler (Schindler's List)

    Abwehrstelle II Commando VIII

    Breslau (Now: Wrocław, Poland)
    1936

    He was assigned to Abwehrstelle II Commando VIII, based in Breslau in 1936. He later told the Czech police that he did it because he needed the money; by this time Schindler had a drinking problem and was chronically in debt.




  • Dachau, Bavaria, Germany
    1936
    Heinrich Himmler

    The SS as an Anti-Bolshevist Fighting Organization

    Dachau, Bavaria, Germany
    1936

    Initially, the camps housed political opponents; over time, undesirable members of German society—criminals, vagrants, deviants—were placed in the camps as well. In 1936 Himmler wrote in the pamphlet "The SS as an Anti-Bolshevist Fighting Organization" that the SS was to fight against the "Jewish-Bolshevik revolution of subhumans".




  • England
    1936
    John Maynard Keynes

    The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money

    England
    1936

    The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money was published in 1936.




  • Paris, France
    1936
    Charles de Gaulle

    De Gaulle approved of the rearmament for infantry support

    Paris, France
    1936

    Charles approved of the rearmament drive which the Popular Front government began in 1936, although French military doctrine remained that tanks should be used in penny packets for infantry support.




  • Manila, Philippines
    1936
    Dwight D. Eisenhower

    Eisenhower was promoted to the rank of permanent lieutenant colonel

    Manila, Philippines
    1936

    Eisenhower later emphasized that too much had been made of the disagreements with MacArthur and that a positive relationship endured. While in Manila, Mamie suffered a life-threatening stomach ailment but recovered fully. Eisenhower was promoted to the rank of permanent lieutenant colonel in 1936. He also learned to fly, making a solo flight over the Philippines in 1937, and obtained his private pilot's license in 1939 at Fort Lewis. Also around this time, he was offered a post by the Philippine Commonwealth Government, namely by then Philippine President Manuel L. Quezon on recommendations by MacArthur, to become the chief of police of a new capital being planned, now named Quezon City, but he declined the offer.


  • Spain
    Jan, 1936
    Spanish Civil War

    Popular front alliance was organised

    Spain
    Jan, 1936

    Landowners taunted workers by saying that if they went hungry, they should "Go eat Republic!" Bosses fired leftist workers and imprisoned trade union and socialist militants, and wages were reduced to "salaries of hunger." A popular front alliance was organised, which narrowly won the 1936 elections.


  • Spain
    1936
    Spanish Civil War

    Various groups of officers got together to begin discussing the prospect of a coup

    Spain
    1936

    Shortly after the Popular Front's election victory, various groups of officers, both active and retired, got together to begin discussing the prospect of a coup. It would be only be by the end of April that General Emilio Mola would emerge as the leader of a national conspiracy network. The Republican government acted to remove suspect generals from influential posts. Franco was sacked as chief of staff and transferred to command of the Canary Islands. Manuel Goded Llopis was removed as inspector general and was made general of the Balearic Islands. Emilio Mola was moved from head of the Army of Africa to military commander of Pamplona in Navarre. This, however, allowed Mola to direct the mainland uprising. General José Sanjurjo became the figurehead of the operation and helped reach an agreement with the Carlists. Mola was chief planner and second in command. José Antonio Primo de Rivera was put in prison in mid-March in order to restrict the Falange. However, government actions were not as thorough as they might have been, and warnings by the Director of Security and other figures were not acted upon.


  • Italy
    Jan, 1936
    Benito Mussolini

    Mussolini meeting with the German Ambassador

    Italy
    Jan, 1936

    In January 1936, Mussolini told the German Ambassador Ulrich von Hassell that: "If Austria were in practice to become a German satellite, he would have no objection".


  • New York, U.S.
    Saturday Jan 11, 1936
    Donald Trump

    Fred and Mary were married

    New York, U.S.
    Saturday Jan 11, 1936

    Trump's mother Mary Anne MacLeod was born in Scotland. Fred and Mary were married in 1936 and raised their family in Queens.


  • U.S.
    Jan, 1936
    Anna May Wong

    Wong chronicled her experiences in a series of articles printed in U.S. newspapers

    U.S.
    Jan, 1936

    Embarking in January 1936, Wong chronicled her experiences in a series of articles printed in U.S. newspapers such as the New York Herald Tribune, the Los Angeles Examiner, the Los Angeles Times, and Photoplay.


  • Sandringham House, Norfolk, England, United Kingdom
    Monday Jan 20, 1936
    Princess Margaret, Countess of Snowdon

    King George V death

    Sandringham House, Norfolk, England, United Kingdom
    Monday Jan 20, 1936

    Margaret's grandfather, George V, died when she was five, and her uncle acceded as King Edward VIII.


  • Sandringham Estate, United Kingdom
    Monday Jan 20, 1936
    Edward VIII

    King George V died

    Sandringham Estate, United Kingdom
    Monday Jan 20, 1936

    King George V died on 20 January 1936, and Edward ascended the throne as King Edward VIII.


  • London, England, United Kingdom
    Monday Jan 20, 1936
    Winston Churchill

    Edward VIII succeeded his father

    London, England, United Kingdom
    Monday Jan 20, 1936

    In January 1936, Edward VIII succeeded his father, George V, as monarch. His desire to marry an American divorcee, Wallis Simpson, caused the abdication crisis. Churchill supported Edward and clashed with Baldwin on the issue.


  • St James's Palace, Marlborough Road, London, United Kingdom
    Tuesday Jan 21, 1936
    Edward VIII

    Edward broke with Custom

    St James's Palace, Marlborough Road, London, United Kingdom
    Tuesday Jan 21, 1936

    The next day, accompanied by Simpson, he broke with custom by watching the proclamation of his own accession from a window of St James's Palace.


  • Spain
    Sunday Feb 16, 1936
    Francisco Franco

    Spanish general election, 1936

    Spain
    Sunday Feb 16, 1936

    After the ruling centre-right coalition collapsed amid the Straperlo corruption scandal, new elections were scheduled. Two wide coalitions formed: the Popular Front on the left, ranging from Republican Union to Communists, and the Frente Nacional on the right, ranging from the centre radicals to the conservative Carlists. On 16 February 1936, the left won by a narrow margin.


  • Canary Islands, Spain
    Sunday Feb 23, 1936
    Francisco Franco

    To the Canary Islands

    Canary Islands, Spain
    Sunday Feb 23, 1936

    On 23 February Franco was sent to the Canary Islands to serve as the islands' military commander, an appointment perceived by him as a destierro (banishment).


  • Tokyo, Japan
    Wednesday Feb 26, 1936
    Hirohito

    The February 26 Incident

    Tokyo, Japan
    Wednesday Feb 26, 1936

    The assassination of moderate Prime Minister was followed by an attempted military coup in February 1936, the February 26 incident, mounted by junior Army officers of the Kōdōha faction who had the sympathy of many high-ranking officers including Prince Chichibu (Yasuhito), one of the Emperor's brothers. This revolt was occasioned by a loss of political support by the militarist faction in Diet elections. The coup resulted in the murders of a number of high government and Army officials.


  • Tokyo, Japan
    Saturday Feb 29, 1936
    Hirohito

    The February 26 Rebellion was suppressed

    Tokyo, Japan
    Saturday Feb 29, 1936

    When Chief Aide-de-camp Shigeru Honjō informed him of the revolt, the Emperor immediately ordered that it be put down and referred to the officers as "rebels" (bōto). Shortly thereafter, he ordered Army Minister Yoshiyuki Kawashima to suppress the rebellion within the hour, and he asked reports from Honjō every 30 minutes. The next day, when told by Honjō that little progress was being made by the high command in quashing the rebels, the Emperor told him "I Myself, will lead the Konoe Division and subdue them." The rebellion was suppressed following his orders on 29 February.


  • Shibuya Station, Tokyo, Japan
    Sunday Mar 8, 1936
    Hachikō

    Annual ceremony

    Shibuya Station, Tokyo, Japan
    Sunday Mar 8, 1936

    Each year on March 8, Hachikō's devotion is honored with a solemn ceremony of remembrance at Tokyo's Shibuya railroad station. Hundreds of dog lovers often turn out to honor his memory and loyalty.


  • Visp, Canton of Valais, Switzerland
    Tuesday Mar 10, 1936
    Sepp Blatter

    Born

    Visp, Canton of Valais, Switzerland
    Tuesday Mar 10, 1936

    Blatter was born in Visp in the Swiss canton of Valais with the given name of Josef.


  • Germany
    Mar, 1936
    World War II

    Re-militarization of the Rhineland

    Germany
    Mar, 1936

    Hitler defied the Versailles and Locarno treaties by re-militarizing the Rhineland in March 1936, encountering little opposition due to appeasement. The re-militarization of the Rhineland began on 7 March 1936 when German military forces entered the Rhineland.


  • Busdongo de Arbás, León, Spain
    Saturday Mar 28, 1936
    Amancio Ortega

    Birth

    Busdongo de Arbás, León, Spain
    Saturday Mar 28, 1936

    on March 28, 1936, Ortega was born in Busdongo de Arbás, León, Spain, to Antonio Ortega Rodríguez and Josefa Gaona Hernández.


  • Palestine
    1936
    David Ben-Gurion

    The 1936–1939 Arab revolt in Palestine

    Palestine
    1936

    During the 1936–1939 Arab revolt in Palestine, Ben-Gurion instigated a policy of restraint ("Havlagah") in which the Haganah and other Jewish groups did not retaliate for Arab attacks against Jewish civilians, concentrating only on self-defense. In 1937, the Peel Commission recommended partitioning Palestine into Jewish and Arab areas and Ben-Gurion supported this policy. This led to conflict with Ze'ev Jabotinsky who opposed partition and as a result, Jabotinsky's supporters split with the Haganah and abandoned Havlagah.


  • New York, U.S.
    Friday Apr 3, 1936
    Lucky Luciano

    Arrested

    New York, U.S.
    Friday Apr 3, 1936

    On April 3, Luciano was arrested in Hot Springs on a criminal warrant from New York. The next day in New York, Dewey indicted Luciano and his accomplices on 60 counts of compulsory prostitution. Luciano's lawyers in Arkansas then began a fierce legal battle against extradition.


  • Little Rock, Arkansas, U.S.
    Monday Apr 6, 1936
    Lucky Luciano

    A Bribe

    Little Rock, Arkansas, U.S.
    Monday Apr 6, 1936

    On April 6, someone offered a $50,000 bribe to Arkansas Attorney General Carl E. Bailey to facilitate Luciano's case. However, Bailey refused the bribe and immediately reported it.


  • Spain
    Apr, 1936
    Spanish Civil War

    April 1936

    Spain
    Apr, 1936

    By April 1936, nearly 100,000 peasants had appropriated 400,000 hectares of land and perhaps as many as 1 million hectares by the start of the civil war; for comparison, the 1931-33 land reform had granted only 6000 peasants 45,000 hectares. As many strikes occurred between April and July as had occurred in the entirety of 1931. Workers increasingly demanded less work and more pay. "Social crimes" - refusing to pay for goods and rent - became increasingly common by workers, particularly in Madrid. In some cases this was done in the company of armed militants. Conservatives, the middle classes, businessmen and landowners became convinced that revolution had already begun.


  • New York, U.S.
    Friday Apr 17, 1936
    Lucky Luciano

    Luciano's legal options had been exhausted

    New York, U.S.
    Friday Apr 17, 1936

    On April 17, after all of Luciano's legal options had been exhausted, Arkansas authorities handed him to three NYPD detectives for transport by train back to New York for trial. When the train reached St. Louis, Missouri, the detectives and Luciano changed trains. During this switchover, they were guarded by 20 local policemen to prevent a mob rescue attempt.


  • New York, U.S.
    Saturday Apr 18, 1936
    Lucky Luciano

    To jail without bail

    New York, U.S.
    Saturday Apr 18, 1936

    The men arrived in New York on April 18, and Luciano was sent to jail without bail.


  • Chahar, China
    Tuesday May 12, 1936
    Second Sino-Japanese War

    Forming The Mongol Military Government

    Chahar, China
    Tuesday May 12, 1936

    There in the empty space of Chahar the Mongol Military Government was formed on May 12, 1936. Japan provided all the necessary military and economic aid.


  • New York, U.S.
    Wednesday May 13, 1936
    Lucky Luciano

    Pandering trial began

    New York, U.S.
    Wednesday May 13, 1936

    On May 13, 1936, Luciano's pandering trial began. Dewey prosecuted the case that Carter built against Luciano. He accused Luciano of being part of a massive prostitution ring known as "the Combination". During the trial, Dewey exposed Luciano for lying on the witness stand through direct quizzing and records of telephonecalls; Luciano also had no explanation for why his federal income tax records claimed he made only $22,000 a year, while he was obviously a wealthy man. Dewey ruthlessly pressed Luciano on his long arrest record and his relationships with well-known gangsters such as Masseria, Ciro Terranova, and Louis Buchalter.


  • Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
    Jun, 1936
    Francisco Franco

    Discuss starting a military coup

    Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
    Jun, 1936

    In June, Franco was contacted and a secret meeting was held within the forest of La Esperanza on Tenerife to discuss starting a military coup. An obelisk commemorating this historic meeting was erected at the site in a clearing at Las Raíces.


  • U.S.
    Sunday Jun 7, 1936
    Lucky Luciano

    62 counts of compulsory prostitution

    U.S.
    Sunday Jun 7, 1936

    On June 7, Luciano was convicted on 62 counts of compulsory prostitution.


  • Spain
    Friday Jun 12, 1936
    Spanish Civil War

    Prime Minister Casares Quiroga met General Juan Yagüe

    Spain
    Friday Jun 12, 1936

    On 12 June, Prime Minister Casares Quiroga met General Juan Yagüe, who falsely convinced Casares of his loyalty to the republic. Mola began serious planning in the spring. Franco was a key player because of his prestige as a former director of the military academy and as the man who suppressed the Asturian miners' strike of 1934. He was respected in the Army of Africa, the Army's toughest troops. He wrote a cryptic letter to Casares on 23 June, suggesting that the military was disloyal, but could be restrained if he were put in charge. Casares did nothing, failing to arrest or buy off Franco.


  • Germany
    Wednesday Jun 17, 1936
    Heinrich Himmler

    Chief of German Police and a State Secretary in the Ministry of the Interior

    Germany
    Wednesday Jun 17, 1936

    On 17 June 1936 Hitler decreed the unification of all police forces in the Reich and named Himmler Chief of German Police and a State Secretary in the Ministry of the Interior.


  • Spain
    Tuesday Jun 23, 1936
    Francisco Franco

    Offering to quell the discontent in the Spanish Republican Army

    Spain
    Tuesday Jun 23, 1936

    On 23 June 1936, he wrote to the head of the government, Casares Quiroga, offering to quell the discontent in the Spanish Republican Army, but received no reply.


  • Spain
    Jul, 1936
    Adolf Hitler

    Spanish Civil War

    Spain
    Jul, 1936

    Hitler sent troops to Spain to support General Franco during the Spanish Civil War after receiving an appeal for help in July 1936.


  • India
    1936
    Waghya

    The statue of Waghya was erected

    India
    1936

    Reportedly by Mid-Day, the statue of Waghya was erected on a Samadhi at Shivaji's memorial in 1936 under the banner of Shri Shivaji Raigad Smarak Samati (SSRSS) in leadership of Narasimha Chintaman Kelkar.


  • Dallas, Texas, U.S.
    1936
    Juneteenth

    Texas State Fair served as a destination for celebrating the holiday, contributing to its revival

    Dallas, Texas, U.S.
    1936

    From 1936 to 1951, the Texas State Fair served as a destination for celebrating the holiday, contributing to its revival. In 1936 an estimated 150,000 to 200,000 people joined the holiday's celebration in Dallas.


  • U.S.
    Saturday Jul 4, 1936
    Flag of the United States

    Star for Arkansas

    U.S.
    Saturday Jul 4, 1936

    The flag was changed to have 25 stars. (for Arkansas)


  • Spain
    Jul, 1936
    Spanish Civil War

    German involvement began days after fighting broke out

    Spain
    Jul, 1936

    German involvement began days after fighting broke out in July 1936. Adolf Hitler quickly sent in powerful air and armored units to assist the Nationalists. The war provided combat experience with the latest technology for the German military. However, the intervention also posed the risk of escalating into a world war for which Hitler was not ready. Therefore he limited his aid, and instead encouraged Benito Mussolini to send in large Italian units.


  • Canary Islands, Spain
    Saturday Jul 11, 1936
    Spanish Civil War

    From the Canary Islands to Spanish Morocco

    Canary Islands, Spain
    Saturday Jul 11, 1936

    With the help of the British Secret Intelligence Service agents Cecil Bebb and Major Hugh Pollard, the rebels chartered a Dragon Rapide aircraft (paid for with help from Juan March, the wealthiest man in Spain at the time) to transport Franco from the Canary Islands to Spanish Morocco. The plane flew to the Canaries on 11 July, and Franco arrived in Morocco on 19 July.


  • Los Angeles, California, U.S.
    Saturday Jul 11, 1936
    Howard Hughes: The Aviator

    Fatal Car Accident

    Los Angeles, California, U.S.
    Saturday Jul 11, 1936

    On July 11, 1936, Hughes struck and killed a pedestrian named Gabriel S. Meyer with his car at the corner of 3rd Street and Lorraine in Los Angeles. After the crash, Hughes was taken to the hospital and certified as sober, but an attending doctor made a note that Hughes had been drinking. A witness to the crash told police that Hughes was driving erratically and too fast and that Meyer had been standing in the safety zone of a streetcar stop. Hughes was booked on suspicion of negligent homicide and held overnight in jail until his attorney, Neil S. McCarthy, obtained a writ of habeas corpus for his release pending a coroner's inquest. By the time of the coroner's inquiry, however, the witness had changed his story and claimed that Meyer had moved directly in front of Hughes' car. Nancy Bayly (Watts), who was in the car with Hughes at the time of the crash, corroborated this version of the story. On July 16, 1936, Hughes was held blameless by a coroner's jury at the inquest into Meyer's death. Hughes told reporters outside the inquiry, "I was driving slowly and a man stepped out of the darkness in front of me."


  • Madrid, Spain
    Sunday Jul 12, 1936
    Spanish Civil War

    Falangists in Madrid killed police officer Lieutenant José Castillo of the Guardia de Asalto

    Madrid, Spain
    Sunday Jul 12, 1936

    On 12 July 1936, Falangists in Madrid killed police officer Lieutenant José Castillo of the Guardia de Asalto (Assault Guard). Castillo was a Socialist party member who, among other activities, was giving military training to the UGT youth. Castillo had led the Assault Guards that violently suppressed the riots after the funeral of Guardia Civil lieutenant Anastasio de los Reyes. (Los Reyes had been shot by anarchists during 14 April military parade commemorating the five years of the Republic.)


  • Constitution Hill, near Buckingham Palace, London, England, United Kingdom
    Thursday Jul 16, 1936
    Edward VIII

    An Irish Fraudster

    Constitution Hill, near Buckingham Palace, London, England, United Kingdom
    Thursday Jul 16, 1936

    On 16 July 1936, an Irish fraudster called Jerome Bannigan, alias George Andrew McMahon, produced a loaded revolver as Edward rode on horseback at Constitution Hill, near Buckingham Palace. Police spotted the gun and pounced on him; he was quickly arrested. At Bannigan's trial, he alleged that "a foreign power" had approached him to kill Edward, that he had informed MI5 of the plan, and that he was merely seeing the plan through to help MI5 catch the real culprits. The court rejected the claims and sent him to jail for a year for "intent to alarm".


  • Spain
    Friday Jul 17, 1936
    Francisco Franco

    Spanish Civil War

    Spain
    Friday Jul 17, 1936

    The Spanish Civil War began in July 1936 and officially ended with Franco's victory in April 1939, leaving 190,000 to 500,000 dead.


  • Morocco
    Friday Jul 17, 1936
    Spanish Civil War

    Control over Spanish Morocco was all but certain

    Morocco
    Friday Jul 17, 1936

    Control over Spanish Morocco was all but certain. The plan was discovered in Morocco on 17 July, which prompted the conspirators to enact it immediately. Little resistance was encountered. The rebels shot 189 people. Goded and Franco immediately took control of the islands to which they were assigned.


  • Spain and Morocco
    Saturday Jul 18, 1936
    Francisco Franco

    The first days of the insurgency

    Spain and Morocco
    Saturday Jul 18, 1936

    Following 18 July 1936 pronunciamiento, Franco assumed the leadership of the 30,000 soldiers of the Spanish Army of Africa. The first days of the insurgency were marked with a serious need to secure control over the Spanish Moroccan Protectorate. On one side, Franco had to win the support of the natives and their (nominal) authorities, and, on the other, had to ensure his control over the army.


  • New York, U.S.
    Saturday Jul 18, 1936
    Lucky Luciano

    Sentenced to 30 to 50 years in state prison

    New York, U.S.
    Saturday Jul 18, 1936

    On July 18, he was sentenced to 30 to 50 years in state prison, along with Betillo and others.


  • Spain
    Jul, 1936
    Spanish Civil War

    Casares Quiroga refused an offer of help from the CNT and Unión General de Trabajadores (UGT)

    Spain
    Jul, 1936

    On 18 July, Casares Quiroga refused an offer of help from the CNT and Unión General de Trabajadores (UGT), leading the groups to proclaim a general strike—in effect, mobilising. They opened weapons caches, some buried since the 1934 risings, and formed militias.


  • Seville, Spain
    Monday Jul 20, 1936
    Francisco Franco

    Air bridge to Seville

    Seville, Spain
    Monday Jul 20, 1936

    From 20 July onward Franco was able, with a small group of 22 mainly German Junkers Ju 52 aircraft, to initiate an air bridge to Seville, where his troops helped to ensure the rebel control of the city.


  • Estoril, Portugal
    Monday Jul 20, 1936
    Francisco Franco

    A plane crash

    Estoril, Portugal
    Monday Jul 20, 1936

    The designated leader of the uprising, General José Sanjurjo, died on 20 July 1936, in a plane crash.


  • Spain
    Jul, 1936
    Spanish Civil War

    The rebels failed to take any major cities

    Spain
    Jul, 1936

    The rebels failed to take any major cities with the critical exception of Seville, which provided a landing point for Franco's African troops, and the primarily conservative and Catholic areas of Old Castile and León, which fell quickly. They took Cádiz with help from the first troops from Africa. The government retained control of Málaga, Jaén, and Almería. In Madrid, the rebels were hemmed into the Cuartel de la Montaña siege, which fell with considerable bloodshed. Republican leader Casares Quiroga was replaced by José Giral, who ordered the distribution of weapons among the civilian population. This facilitated the defeat of the army insurrection in the main industrial centres, including Madrid, Barcelona, and Valencia, but it allowed anarchists to take control of Barcelona along with large swathes of Aragón and Catalonia. General Goded surrendered in Barcelona and was later condemned to death. The Republican government ended up controlling almost all the east coast and central area around Madrid, as well as most of Asturias, Cantabria and part of the Basque Country in the north. The government retained control of Málaga, Jaén, and Almería. In Madrid, the rebels were hemmed into the Cuartel de la Montaña siege, which fell with considerable bloodshed. Republican leader Casares Quiroga was replaced by José Giral, who ordered the distribution of weapons among the civilian population.


  • Estoril, Portugal
    Monday Jul 20, 1936
    Spanish Civil War

    Coup leader Sanjurjo was killed

    Estoril, Portugal
    Monday Jul 20, 1936

    A large air and sealift of Nationalist troops in Spanish Morocco was organised to the southwest of Spain. Coup leader Sanjurjo was killed in a plane crash on 20 July, leaving an effective command split between Mola in the North and Franco in the South. This period also saw the worst actions of the so-called "Red" and "White Terrors" in Spain.


  • Ferrol, Galicia, Spain
    Tuesday Jul 21, 1936
    Spanish Civil War

    Nationalists captured the central Spanish naval base

    Ferrol, Galicia, Spain
    Tuesday Jul 21, 1936

    On 21 July, the fifth day of the rebellion, the Nationalists captured the central Spanish naval base, located in Ferrol, Galicia.


  • South Wales, United Kingdom
    1936
    Edward VIII

    Edward caused unease in government circles with actions

    South Wales, United Kingdom
    1936

    Edward caused unease in government circles with actions that were interpreted as interference in political matters. His comment during a tour of depressed villages in South Wales that "something must be done"


  • Burgos, Spain
    Friday Jul 24, 1936
    Francisco Franco

    Coordinating junta was established

    Burgos, Spain
    Friday Jul 24, 1936

    From 24 July a coordinating junta was established, based at Burgos. Nominally led by Cabanellas, as the most senior general, it initially included Mola, three other generals, and two colonels; Franco was later added in early August.


  • Spain
    Saturday Jul 25, 1936
    Francisco Franco

    Negotiate with the for more military support

    Spain
    Saturday Jul 25, 1936

    Through representatives, he started to negotiate with the United Kingdom, Germany, and Italy for more military support, and above all for more aircraft. Negotiations were successful with the last two on 25 July.


  • London, England, United Kingdom
    1936
    Buckingham Palace

    King George VI and Queen Elizabeth allowed the hemline of daytime skirts to rise

    London, England, United Kingdom
    1936

    Formerly, men not wearing military uniform wore knee breeches of 18th-century design. Women's evening dress included trains and tiaras or feathers in their hair (often both). The dress code governing formal court uniform and dress has progressively relaxed. After the First World War, when Queen Mary wished to follow fashion by raising her skirts a few inches from the ground, she requested a lady-in-waiting to shorten her own skirt first to gauge the King's reaction. King George V disapproved, so the Queen kept her hemline unfashionably low. Following his accession in 1936, King George VI and Queen Elizabeth allowed the hemline of daytime skirts to rise. Today, there is no official dress code. Most men invited to Buckingham Palace in the daytime choose to wear service uniform or lounge suits; a minority wear morning coats, and in the evening, depending on the formality of the occasion, black tie or white tie.


  • Spain
    Monday Jul 27, 1936
    Spanish Civil War

    French government declared that it would not send military aid

    Spain
    Monday Jul 27, 1936

    In July 1936, British officials convinced Blum (the prime minister) not to send arms to the Republicans and, on 27 July, the French government declared that it would not send military aid, technology or forces to assist the Republican forces. However, Blum made clear that France reserved the right to provide aid should it wish to the Republic: "We could have delivered arms to the Spanish Government [Republicans], a legitimate government... We have not done so, in order not to give an excuse to those who would be tempted to send arms to the rebels [Nationalists]."


  • Kentucky, U.S.
    1936
    KFC

    Kentucky Colonel

    Kentucky, U.S.
    1936

    By 1936, this had proven successful enough for Sanders to be given the honorary title of Kentucky colonel by Governor Ruby Laffoon.


  • Germany
    Aug, 1936
    Adolf Hitler

    A Four Year Plan to prepare Germany for war

    Germany
    Aug, 1936

    In August 1936, in response to a growing economic crisis caused by his rearmament efforts, Hitler ordered Göring to implement a Four Year Plan to prepare Germany for war within the next four years.


  • Berlin, Germany
    Saturday Aug 1, 1936
    Adidas

    The 1936 Summer Olympics

    Berlin, Germany
    Saturday Aug 1, 1936

    Dassler assisted in the development of spiked running shoes (spikes) for multiple athletic events. To enhance the quality of spiked athletic footwear, he transitioned from a previous model of heavy metal spikes to utilising canvas and rubber. In 1936, Dassler persuaded U.S. sprinter Jesse Owens to use his hand made spikes at the 1936 Summer Olympics.


  • Spain
    Saturday Aug 1, 1936
    Spanish Civil War

    Pro-Republican rally of 20,000 people confronted Blum

    Spain
    Saturday Aug 1, 1936

    On 1 August 1936, a pro-Republican rally of 20,000 people confronted Blum, demanding that he send aircraft to the Republicans, at the same time as right-wing politicians attacked Blum for supporting the Republic and being responsible for provoking Italian intervention on the side of Franco.


  • Eastern Mediterranean
    Aug, 1936
    Edward VIII

    Edward and Simpson cruised the Eastern Mediterranean

    Eastern Mediterranean
    Aug, 1936

    In August and September, Edward and Simpson cruised the Eastern Mediterranean on the steam yacht Nahlin.


  • Fort Benton, Montana, U.S.
    Aug, 1936
    Shep (American dog)

    Master's death

    Fort Benton, Montana, U.S.
    Aug, 1936

    The dog once belonged to an unknown sheep herder near Fort Benton, Montana. When his owner became ill in August 1936, he went into St. Clare Hospital at Fort Benton for treatment, and brought his herding dog with him. A few days later he died, and his relatives back east sent for his body. The dog followed his casket to the railroad station and watched while it was being loaded on a train heading to the eastern USA.


  • Meshchyora, Ryazan Oblast, Russia
    Monday Aug 3, 1936
    Disasters with highest death tolls

    Kursha-2 Fire

    Meshchyora, Ryazan Oblast, Russia
    Monday Aug 3, 1936

    Kursha-2 , named so after a road sign, was an industrial community in the Central Meshchyora, Ryazan Oblast, Russia. It was built soon after the October Revolution for the exploitation of the local forests, and was annihilated by a firestorm on 3 August 1936. The disaster caused 1200 human deaths, making it one of the world's deadliest wildfires.


  • Spain
    Friday Aug 7, 1936
    Spanish Civil War

    Blum government provided aircraft to the Republicans

    Spain
    Friday Aug 7, 1936

    However, the Blum government provided aircraft to the Republicans covertly with Potez 540 bomber aircraft (nicknamed the "Flying Coffin" by Spanish Republican pilots), Dewoitine aircraft, and Loire 46 fighter aircraft being sent from 7 August 1936 to December of that year to Republican forces.


  • France
    Saturday Aug 8, 1936
    Spanish Civil War

    Aircraft could freely pass from France into Spain if they were bought in other countries

    France
    Saturday Aug 8, 1936

    The French also sent pilots and engineers to the Republicans. Also, until 8 September 1936, aircraft could freely pass from France into Spain if they were bought in other countries.


  • Fort Benton, Montana, U.S.
    Monday Aug 10, 1936
    Shep (American dog)

    Hopeful greeting

    Fort Benton, Montana, U.S.
    Monday Aug 10, 1936

    He would greet every train that arrived each day after that, expecting his master to return. It took station employees some time to realize that the body in the casket was probably the dog's master, and it was showing up for each incoming train to see if his master would be getting off.


  • Germany
    Thursday Aug 13, 1936
    FIFA World Cup

    No World Cup Due WWII

    Germany
    Thursday Aug 13, 1936

    The FIFA World Cup was planned to take place in 1942. Germany officially applied to host the 1942 FIFA World Cup at the 23rd FIFA Congress on 13 August 1936 in Berlin. In June 1939, Brazil also applied to host the tournament. The beginning of European hostilities in September 1939 prompted further plans for the 1942 World Cup to be cancelled, before a host country was selected. The FIFA tournament did not take place.


  • France
    Friday Aug 21, 1936
    Spanish Civil War

    France signed the Non-Intervention Agreement

    France
    Friday Aug 21, 1936

    On 21 August 1936, France signed the Non-Intervention Agreement.


  • Princeton, New Jersey, U.S.
    Sep, 1936
    Alan Turing

    Studying Under Alonzo Church at Princeton University

    Princeton, New Jersey, U.S.
    Sep, 1936

    From September 1936 to July 1938, Turing spent most of his time studying under Alonzo Church at Princeton University, in the second year as a Jane Eliza Procter Visiting Fellow. In addition to his purely mathematical work, he studied cryptology and also built three of four stages of an electro-mechanical binary multiplier.


  • Spain
    Friday Sep 4, 1936
    Spanish Civil War

    The Republican government under Giral resigned

    Spain
    Friday Sep 4, 1936

    The Republic proved ineffective militarily, relying on disorganised revolutionary militias. The Republican government under Giral resigned on 4 September, unable to cope with the situation, and was replaced by a mostly Socialist organisation under Francisco Largo Caballero. The new leadership began to unify central command in the republican zone.


  • Gipuzkoa, Spain
    Saturday Sep 5, 1936
    Spanish Civil War

    Nationalists closed the French border to the Republicans

    Gipuzkoa, Spain
    Saturday Sep 5, 1936

    On 5 September, the Nationalists closed the French border to the Republicans in the battle of Irún.


  • San Sebastián, Spain
    Tuesday Sep 15, 1936
    Spanish Civil War

    San Sebastián was taken by Nationalist soldiers

    San Sebastián, Spain
    Tuesday Sep 15, 1936

    On 15 September, San Sebastian, home to a divided Republican force of anarchists and Basque nationalists, was taken by Nationalist soldiers.


  • Germany, England and U.S.
    Sep, 1936
    Severo Ochoa

    Wander years

    Germany, England and U.S.
    Sep, 1936

    In September 1936 Severo and Carmen began what he later called the "wander years" as they traveled from Spain to Germany, to England, and ultimately to the United States within a span of four years.


  • Germany
    1936
    Severo Ochoa

    Leading world's foremost biochemical facilities

    Germany
    1936

    Ochoa left Spain and returned to Meyerhof's Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Biology now relocated in Heidelberg, where Ochoa found a profoundly changed research focus. By 1936 Meyerhof's laboratory had become one of the world's foremost biochemical facilities focused on processes such as glycolysis and fermentation. Rather than studying muscles "twitch," the lab was now purifying and characterizing the enzymes involved in muscle action but were involved in yeast fermentation.


  • Toledo, Spain
    Monday Sep 21, 1936
    Francisco Franco

    A Detour to free the besieged garrison at the Alcázar of Toledo

    Toledo, Spain
    Monday Sep 21, 1936

    On 21 September, with the head of the column at the town of Maqueda (some 80 km away from Madrid), Franco ordered a detour to free the besieged garrison at the Alcázar of Toledo, which was achieved on 27 September.


  • Spain
    Monday Sep 21, 1936
    Francisco Franco

    Commander-in-chief and head of government

    Spain
    Monday Sep 21, 1936

    On 21 September it was decided that Franco was to be commander-in-chief (this unified command was opposed only by Cabanellas), and, after some discussion, with no more than a lukewarm agreement from Queipo de Llano and from Mola, also head of government. Emilio Mola y Vidal, 1st Duke of Mola, Grandee of Spain was one of the three leaders of the Nationalist coup of July 1936, which started the Spanish Civil War.


  • Salamanca, Spain
    Monday Sep 21, 1936
    Spanish Civil War

    Franco was chosen as chief military commander at a meeting of ranking generals

    Salamanca, Spain
    Monday Sep 21, 1936

    On the Nationalist side, Franco was chosen as chief military commander at a meeting of ranking generals at Salamanca on 21 September, now called by the title Generalísimo.


  • Bowling Green, Ohio, U.S.
    Thursday Sep 24, 1936
    Jimmy Hoffa

    Marriage

    Bowling Green, Ohio, U.S.
    Thursday Sep 24, 1936

    Hoffa married Josephine Poszywak, an 18-year-old Detroit laundry worker of Polish heritage, in Bowling Green, Ohio, on September 24, 1936; the couple had met during a non-unionized laundry workers' strike action six months earlier.


  • Toledo, Spain
    Sunday Sep 27, 1936
    Spanish Civil War

    Siege of the Alcázar

    Toledo, Spain
    Sunday Sep 27, 1936

    Franco won another victory on 27 September when his troops relieved the siege of the Alcázar in Toledo.


  • Milan, Kingdom of Italy, Italy
    Tuesday Sep 29, 1936
    Silvio Berlusconi

    Birth

    Milan, Kingdom of Italy, Italy
    Tuesday Sep 29, 1936

    Berlusconi was born in Milan in 1936, where he was raised in a middle-class family.


  • Burgos, Spain
    Thursday Oct 1, 1936
    Francisco Franco

    Head of State

    Burgos, Spain
    Thursday Oct 1, 1936

    On 1 October 1936, in Burgos, Franco was publicly proclaimed as Generalísimo of the National army and Jefe del Estado (Head of State).


  • Burgos, Spain
    Thursday Oct 1, 1936
    Spanish Civil War

    General Franco was confirmed head of state and armies in Burgos

    Burgos, Spain
    Thursday Oct 1, 1936

    On 1 October 1936, General Franco was confirmed head of state and armies in Burgos. A similar dramatic success for the Nationalists occurred on 17 October, when troops coming from Galicia relieved the besieged town of Oviedo, in Northern Spain.


  • Moscow, Russia
    Tuesday Oct 13, 1936
    Josip Broz Tito

    Tito married Bauer

    Moscow, Russia
    Tuesday Oct 13, 1936

    Tito married Bauer on 13 October of that year.


  • United Kingdom
    Oct, 1936
    Edward VIII

    King Edward VII planned to marry Simpson

    United Kingdom
    Oct, 1936

    By October it was becoming clear that the new king planned to marry Simpson, especially when divorce proceedings between the Simpsons were brought at Ipswich Assizes.


  • Italy
    Sunday Oct 25, 1936
    Benito Mussolini

    Mussolini agreement with Nazi Germany

    Italy
    Sunday Oct 25, 1936

    On 25 October 1936, Mussolini agreed to form a Rome-Berlin Axis, sanctioned by a cooperation agreement with Nazi Germany and signed in Berlin.


  • Italy
    Oct, 1936
    World War II

    Rome–Berlin Axis

    Italy
    Oct, 1936

    In October 1936, Germany and Italy formed the Rome–Berlin Axis.


  • U.S.
    Tuesday Nov 3, 1936
    Franklin D. Roosevelt

    Second Term

    U.S.
    Tuesday Nov 3, 1936

    The United States presidential election of 1936 was the thirty-eighth quadrennial presidential election, held on Tuesday, November 3, 1936. In the midst of the Great Depression, incumbent Democratic President Franklin D. Roosevelt defeated Republican Governor Alf Landon of Kansas.


  • Valencia, Spain
    Friday Nov 6, 1936
    Spanish Civil War

    Republican government was forced to shift from Madrid to Valencia

    Valencia, Spain
    Friday Nov 6, 1936

    The Republican government was forced to shift from Madrid to Valencia, outside the combat zone, on 6 November.


  • Madrid, Spain
    Sunday Nov 8, 1936
    Spanish Civil War

    Francoist troops launched a major offensive toward Madrid

    Madrid, Spain
    Sunday Nov 8, 1936

    In October, the Francoist troops launched a major offensive toward Madrid, reaching it in early November and launching a major assault on the city on 8 November.


  • Germany
    Thursday Nov 12, 1936
    Computer

    The principle of The Modern Computer

    Germany
    Thursday Nov 12, 1936

    The principle of the modern computer was proposed by Alan Turing in his seminal 1936 paper,On Computable Numbers. Turing proposed a simple device that he called "Universal Computing machine" and that is now known as a universal Turing machine. He proved that such a machine is capable of computing anything that is computable by executing instructions (program) stored on tape, allowing the machine to be programmable. The fundamental concept of Turing's design is the stored program, where all the instructions for computing are stored in memory. Von Neumann acknowledged that the central concept of the modern computer was due to this paper.


  • Buckingham Palace, London, England, United Kingdom
    Monday Nov 16, 1936
    Edward VIII

    Edward invited Prime Minister Baldwin

    Buckingham Palace, London, England, United Kingdom
    Monday Nov 16, 1936

    On 16 November 1936, Edward invited Prime Minister Baldwin to Buckingham Palace and expressed his desire to marry Simpson when she became free to remarry. Baldwin informed him that his subjects would deem the marriage morally unacceptable, largely because remarriage after divorce was opposed by the Church of England, and the people would not tolerate Simpson as queen.


  • Germany
    Wednesday Nov 25, 1936
    Adolf Hitler

    Anti-Comintern Pact

    Germany
    Wednesday Nov 25, 1936

    On 25 November, Germany signed the Anti-Comintern Pact with Japan. Britain, China, Italy, and Poland were also invited to join the Anti-Comintern Pact, but only Italy signed in 1937.


  • Berlin, Germany
    Wednesday Nov 25, 1936
    World War II

    Anti-Comintern Pact

    Berlin, Germany
    Wednesday Nov 25, 1936

    Germany and Japan signed the Anti-Comintern Pact in 25 November 1936.


  • London, England
    Monday Nov 30, 1936
    Alan Turing

    Turing Published his Paper "On Computable Numbers, With an Application To The Entscheidungsproblem"

    London, England
    Monday Nov 30, 1936

    In 1936, Turing published his paper "On Computable Numbers, with an Application to the Entscheidungsproblem". It was published in the Proceedings of the London Mathematical Society journal in two parts, the first on 30 November and the second on 23 December.


  • London, England, United Kingdom
    1936
    Edward VIII

    Edward proposed an alternative solution

    London, England, United Kingdom
    1936

    Edward proposed an alternative solution of a morganatic marriage, in which he would remain king but Simpson would not become queen consort. She would enjoy some lesser title instead, and any children they might have would not inherit the throne. This was supported by senior politician Winston Churchill in principle, and some historians suggest that he conceived the plan.


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