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  • Danube River, Budapest, Hungary
    440
    Huns

    The Romans breached the treaty

    Danube River, Budapest, Hungary
    440

    The Romans breached the treaty in 440, Attila and Bleda attacked Castra Constantias, a Roman fortress and marketplace on the banks of the Danube.




  • Eastern Europe (most commonly known in Hungary)
    453
    Byzantine Empire

    Attila's death

    Eastern Europe (most commonly known in Hungary)
    453

    To fend off the Huns, Theodosius had to pay an enormous annual tribute to Attila. His successor, Marcian, refused to continue to pay the tribute, but Attila had already diverted his attention to the Western Roman Empire. After Attila's death in 453, the Hun Empire collapsed, and many of the remaining Huns were often hired as mercenaries by Constantinople.




  • Hungary
    1485
    Leonardo da Vinci

    Leonardo travelled to Hungary

    Hungary
    1485

    In the spring of 1485, Leonardo travelled to Hungary on behalf of Sforza (Duke of Milan) to meet king Matthias Corvinus, and was commissioned by him to paint a Madonna.




  • Budapest, Hungary
    1490
    Libraries

    Bibliotheca Corviniana

    Budapest, Hungary
    1490

    The Hungarian Bibliotheca Corviniana was one of the first and largest Renaissance Greek-Latin libraries, established by Matthias Corvinus, King of Hungary between 1458 and 1490. In 1490, the library consisted of about 3,000 codices or "Corvinae". Beatrix of Aragon, Queen of Hungary, encouraged his work with the Bibliotheca Corviniana. After Matthias' death in 1490 many of the manuscripts were taken from library and dispersed, subsequently the Turkish invasion of Hungary in the 16th century saw the remaining valuable manuscripts taken to Turkey.




  • Mohács, Hungary
    Sunday Aug 29, 1526
    Ottoman Empire

    Battle of Mohács

    Mohács, Hungary
    Sunday Aug 29, 1526

    Suleiman the Magnificent conquered the southern and central parts of the Kingdom of Hungary as part of the Ottoman–Hungarian Wars, and, after his historic victory in the Battle of Mohács in 1526, he established Ottoman rule in the territory of present-day Hungary (except the western part) and other Central European territories.




  • Esztergom, Hungary
    Sunday Jul 25, 1543
    Ottoman Empire

    Siege of Esztergom

    Esztergom, Hungary
    Sunday Jul 25, 1543

    A month before the siege of Nice, France supported the Ottomans with an artillery unit during the 1543 Ottoman conquest of Esztergom in northern Hungary. After further advances by the Turks, the Habsburg ruler Ferdinand officially recognized Ottoman ascendancy in Hungary in 1547.




  • Szigetvár, Kingdom of Hungary
    Tuesday Sep 6, 1566
    Ottoman Empire

    Suleiman I died

    Szigetvár, Kingdom of Hungary
    Tuesday Sep 6, 1566

    Suleiman I died of natural causes in his tent during the Siege of Szigetvár in 1566.


  • Wednesday Mar 15, 1848
    Revolutions of 1848

    Hungarian Revolution of 1848

    Wednesday Mar 15, 1848

    The Hungarian Revolution of 1848 or fully Hungarian Civic Revolution and War of Independence of 1848–1849 was one of many European Revolutions of 1848 and was closely linked to other revolutions of 1848 in the Habsburg areas. Although the revolution failed, it is one of the most significant events in Hungary's modern history, forming the cornerstone of modern Hungarian national identity.


  • Central Europe (Present-Day Hungary)
    Sep, 1848
    German revolutions of 1848–1849

    Ferdinand decided to send Austrian and Croatian troops to Hungary to crush a democratic rebellion

    Central Europe (Present-Day Hungary)
    Sep, 1848

    In late September 1848, Emperor Ferdinand, who was also King Ferdinand V of Hungary, decided to send Austrian and Croatian troops to Hungary to crush a democratic rebellion there.


  • Central Europe (Present-Day Hungary)
    Friday Sep 29, 1848
    German revolutions of 1848–1849

    Austrian troops were defeated by the Hungarian

    Central Europe (Present-Day Hungary)
    Friday Sep 29, 1848

    On September 29, 1848, the Austrian troops were defeated by the Hungarian revolutionary forces.


  • Budapest, Hungary
    1881
    Nikola Tesla

    Tesla moved to Budapest

    Budapest, Hungary
    1881

    In 1881, Tesla moved to Budapest, Hungary, to work under Tivadar Puskás at a telegraph company, the Budapest Telephone Exchange. Upon arrival, Tesla realized that the company, then under construction, was not functional, so he worked as a draftsman in the Central Telegraph Office instead. Within a few months, the Budapest Telephone Exchange became functional, and Tesla was allocated the chief electrician position.


  • Hungary
    1888
    X-ray

    X-rays emitted from Lenard tubes

    Hungary
    1888

    Starting in 1888, Philipp Lenard conducted experiments to see whether cathode rays could pass out of the Crookes tube into the air. He built a Crookes tube with a "window" in the end made of thin aluminum, facing the cathode so the cathode rays would strike it (later called a "Lenard tube"). He found that something came through, that would expose photographic plates and cause fluorescence. He measured the penetrating power of these rays through various materials. It has been suggested that at least some of these "Lenard rays" were actually X-rays.


  • Hungary
    Tuesday Dec 13, 1904
    Incandescent light bulb

    Sándor Just and Croatian Franjo Hanaman were granted a Hungarian patent for a tungsten Filament Lamp

    Hungary
    Tuesday Dec 13, 1904

    On 13 December 1904, Hungarian Sándor Just and Croatian Franjo Hanaman were granted a Hungarian patent (No. 34541) for a tungsten filament lamp that lasted longer and gave brighter light than the carbon filament. Tungsten filament lamps were first marketed by the Hungarian company Tungsram in 1904. This type is often called Tungsram-bulbs in many European countries. Filling a bulb with an inert gas such as argon or nitrogen slows down the evaporation of the tungsten filament compared to operating it in a vacuum. This allows for greater temperatures and therefore greater efficacy with less reduction in filament life.


  • Budapest, Austria-Hungary
    May, 1914
    Josip Broz Tito

    Went on to come second in the army fencing championships

    Budapest, Austria-Hungary
    May, 1914

    After winning the regimental fencing competition, Broz went on to come second in the army fencing championships in Budapest in May 1914.


  • Austria-Hungary
    Tuesday Jul 28, 1914
    World War 1

    Deceleration of the War

    Austria-Hungary
    Tuesday Jul 28, 1914

    Finally, on 28 July 1914, a month after the assassination, Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia.


  • Austria-Hungary
    1918
    Hungarian–Romanian War

    The Austro-Hungarian Monarchy Politically Collapsed

    Austria-Hungary
    1918

    In 1918, the Austro-Hungarian monarchy politically collapsed and disintegrated as a result of a defeat in the Italian Front (World War I). During the war Count Mihály Károlyi led a small but very active pacifist anti-war maverick fraction in the Hungarian parliament.


  • Budapest, Hungary
    Thursday Oct 31, 1918
    Hungarian–Romanian War

    The Aster Revolution in Budapest

    Budapest, Hungary
    Thursday Oct 31, 1918

    On 31 October 1918, the Aster Revolution in Budapest brought Hungarian liberal aristocrat Mihály Károlyi, a supporter of the Allied Powers, to power. The Hungarian Royal Honvéd army still had more than 1.400.000 soldiers when Mihály Károlyi was announced as prime minister of Hungary. Károlyi yielded to U.S. President Woodrow Wilson's demand for pacifism by ordering the disarmament of the Hungarian army. This happened under the direction of Béla Linder, minister of war in the Károlyi government. Due to the full disarmament of its army, Hungary remained without a national defence at a time of particular vulnerability.


  • Hungary (then Kingdom of Hungary)
    Tuesday Nov 5, 1918
    Hungarian–Romanian War

    The Serbian Army Attack

    Hungary (then Kingdom of Hungary)
    Tuesday Nov 5, 1918

    On 5 November 1918, the Serbian army, with the help of the French army, crossed southern borders.


  • Pécs, Hungary
    Thursday Nov 14, 1918
    Hungarian–Romanian War

    Serbia Occupied Pécs

    Pécs, Hungary
    Thursday Nov 14, 1918

    The lines would apply until definitive borders could be established. Under the terms of the armistice, Serbian and French troops advanced from the south, taking control of the Banat and Croatia. Czechoslovakia took control of Upper Hungary and Carpathian Ruthenia. Romanian forces were permitted to advance to the River Maros (Mureș) . However, on 14 November, Serbia occupied Pécs.


  • Hungary
    Wednesday Mar 19, 1919
    Hungarian–Romanian War

    Hungary Received Notification of The New Demarcation Line

    Hungary
    Wednesday Mar 19, 1919

    On 19 March, Hungary received notification of the new demarcation line and demilitarized zone from French Lieutenant Colonel Fernand Vix (the "Vix note"). The Károlyi government would not accept the terms and this was a trigger for the coup d'état by Béla Kun, who formed the Hungarian Soviet Republic.


  • Hungary (then Kingdom of Hungary)
    Thursday Mar 20, 1919
    Hungarian–Romanian War

    Releasing Béla Kun

    Hungary (then Kingdom of Hungary)
    Thursday Mar 20, 1919

    The Károlyi government failed to manage both domestic and military issues and lost popular support. On 20 March 1919, Béla Kun, who had been imprisoned in the Markó Street prison, was released.


  • Hungary (then Kingdom of Hungary)
    Friday Mar 21, 1919
    Hungarian–Romanian War

    The Successful Communist Coup d'état

    Hungary (then Kingdom of Hungary)
    Friday Mar 21, 1919

    On 21 March, Béla Kun led a successful communist coup d'état. Károlyi was deposed and arrested. Kun formed a social democratic, communist coalition government and proclaimed the Hungarian Soviet Republic. Days later the Communists purged the Social Democrats from the government.


  • Hungary
    Saturday Mar 22, 1919
    Hungarian–Romanian War

    Beginning The Retreat of The Hungarian Army behind The demilitarized Zone

    Hungary
    Saturday Mar 22, 1919

    A demilitarized zone was to be created, extending from the new demarcation line to 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) beyond the line. The demilitarized zone represented the extent of Romanian territorial requests on Hungary. The retreat of the Hungarian army behind the western border of the demilitarized zone was to begin on 22 March.


  • Hungary
    Friday Apr 4, 1919
    Hungarian–Romanian War

    Sending South African General Jan Smuts To Hungary

    Hungary
    Friday Apr 4, 1919

    On 4 April, South African General Jan Smuts was sent to Hungary. He carried the proposition that the Hungarian communist government under Kun abide by the conditions previously presented to Károlyi in the Vix note. Smuts' mission also represented official recognition of the Kun communist government by the Allied council.


  • Debrecen, Hungary
    Wednesday Apr 23, 1919
    Hungarian–Romanian War

    Romania occupied Debrecen

    Debrecen, Hungary
    Wednesday Apr 23, 1919

    On 23 April, Debrecen was occupied by Romanian forces.


  • Békéscsaba, Hungary
    Saturday Apr 26, 1919
    Hungarian–Romanian War

    Békéscsaba Fell To Romanian Forces

    Békéscsaba, Hungary
    Saturday Apr 26, 1919

    The Romanian Army began preparations for an assault on Békéscsaba. On 25–26 April, after some heavy fighting, Békéscsaba fell to Romanian forces.


  • Szolnok, Hungary
    Tuesday Apr 29, 1919
    Hungarian–Romanian War

    Breaking Through The Tisza River defense Lines

    Szolnok, Hungary
    Tuesday Apr 29, 1919

    The Hungarians retreated to Szolnok and from there across the Tisza River. They established two concentric defense lines extending from the Tisza River around Szolnok. Between 29 April and 1 May, the Romanian Army broke through these lines.


  • Tisza River, Hungary
    Thursday May 1, 1919
    Hungarian–Romanian War

    Romania controled The Entire East bank of The Tisza River

    Tisza River, Hungary
    Thursday May 1, 1919

    On the evening of 1 May the entire east bank of the Tisza River was under the control of the Romanian army.


  • Hungary
    Friday May 2, 1919
    Hungarian–Romanian War

    Hungary Sued For Peace

    Hungary
    Friday May 2, 1919

    On 2 May, Hungary sued for peace via a request delivered by his representative, Lieutenant Colonel Henrik Werth. Kun was prepared to recognize all of Romania's territorial demands; requested the cessation of hostilities; and asked for ongoing control of Hungarian internal affairs.


  • Miskolc, Hungary
    Tuesday May 20, 1919
    Hungarian–Romanian War

    Hungary Attacked Miskolc

    Miskolc, Hungary
    Tuesday May 20, 1919

    With cessation of hostilities, Kun worked to improve his battered international position. On 20 May 1919, a force under Colonel Aurél Stromfeld attacked and routed Czech troops from Miskolc.


  • Tisza River, Hungary
    Tuesday Jun 3, 1919
    Hungarian–Romanian War

    Romania was Forced Into Further Retreat

    Tisza River, Hungary
    Tuesday Jun 3, 1919

    On 3 June, Romania was forced into further retreat but extended its line of defence along the Tisza River and reinforced its position with the 8th Division, which had been moving forward from Bukovina since 22 May.


  • Hungary
    Monday Jun 23, 1919
    Hungarian–Romanian War

    Hungary Signed an armistice With Czechoslovakia

    Hungary
    Monday Jun 23, 1919

    On 23 June, Hungary signed an armistice with Czechoslovakia.


  • Hungary
    Friday Jul 4, 1919
    Hungarian–Romanian War

    The Hungarian Army Had Retreated South of The Hungarian–Czechoslovak demarcation Line

    Hungary
    Friday Jul 4, 1919

    By 4 July, the Hungarian Army had retreated 15 km south of the Hungarian–Czechoslovak demarcation line.


  • Hungary
    Friday Jul 11, 1919
    Hungarian–Romanian War

    The Coordinated Attack against Hungary

    Hungary
    Friday Jul 11, 1919

    The Allied council demanded that Romania leave Tiszántúl and respect the new borders. Romania said it would only do so after the Hungarian Army demobilized. Kun said he would continue to depend on the might of his army. On 11 July, the Allied council ordered Marshal Ferdinand Foch to prepare a coordinated attack against Hungary using Serb, French and Romanian forces. Hungary, in turn, prepared for action along the Tisza River.


  • Hungary
    Sunday Jul 20, 1919
    03:00:00 AM
    Hungarian–Romanian War

    The Hungarian Infantry Crossed The Tisza River and Attacked Romanian Positions.

    Hungary
    Sunday Jul 20, 1919
    03:00:00 AM

    On 20 July, at about 3 a.m., after a fierce bombardment, Hungarian infantry including all three groups crossed the Tisza River and attacked Romanian positions.


  • Rakamaz, Hungary
    Sunday Jul 20, 1919
    Hungarian–Romanian War

    The Hungarians Army took Rakamaz

    Rakamaz, Hungary
    Sunday Jul 20, 1919

    On 20 July, in the northern arena, the Hungarians army took Rakamaz and some nearby villages. Troops of the Romanian 16th and 2nd Vânători divisions took back the villages shortly and regained Rakamaz the next day. The Hungarians renewed their efforts and, supported by artillery fire, retook Rakamaz and two nearby villages but could not break out of the Rakamaz bridgehead.


  • Szolnok, Hungary
    Sunday Jul 20, 1919
    Hungarian–Romanian War

    Hungarian Forces Established a Solid Bridgehead at Szolnok

    Szolnok, Hungary
    Sunday Jul 20, 1919

    On 20 July, Hungarian forces established a solid bridgehead on the east bank of the Tisza at Szolnok, opposed by the Romanian 91st Regiment of the 18th Infantry Division. The Hungarian army moved the 6th and 7th divisions across the Tisza River, formed up within the bridgehead, then attacked the Romanians in the first line of defense. The Hungarian 6th Infantry Division took Törökszentmiklós; the 7th Division advanced towards Mezőtúr and the 5th Division advanced towards Túrkeve.


  • Kunhegyes, Hungary
    Tuesday Jul 22, 1919
    Hungarian–Romanian War

    Hungarian Forces Crossed The Tisza River and Took Kunhegyes

    Kunhegyes, Hungary
    Tuesday Jul 22, 1919

    On 22 July, Hungarian forces crossed the Tisza River at a point 20 kilometres (12 mi) north of Szolnok and took Kunhegyes from the Romanian 18th Vânători Regiment.


  • Hódmezővásárhely, Hungary
    Wednesday Jul 23, 1919
    Hungarian–Romanian War

    Romanian Forces reoccupied Hódmezővásárhely

    Hódmezővásárhely, Hungary
    Wednesday Jul 23, 1919

    On 21–22 July, Hódmezővásárhely changed hands several times between Hungarian and Romanian troops of the 90th Infantry Regiment supported by the 1st Vânători Brigade. On 23 July, Romanian forces reoccupied Hódmezővásárhely, Szentes and Mindszent.


  • Túrkeve, Hungary - Mezőtúr, Hungary
    Wednesday Jul 23, 1919
    Hungarian–Romanian War

    The Hungarian Took Túrkeve and Mezőtúr

    Túrkeve, Hungary - Mezőtúr, Hungary
    Wednesday Jul 23, 1919

    On 23 July, Hungarian forces took Túrkeve and Mezőtúr.


  • Tiszafüred, Hungary
    Thursday Jul 24, 1919
    Hungarian–Romanian War

    The Romanian 20th Infantry Division Cleared The bridgehead at Tiszafüred

    Tiszafüred, Hungary
    Thursday Jul 24, 1919

    On 24 July, the Romanian 20th Infantry Division, brought in as reinforcements, cleared the bridgehead at Tiszafüred. Not being able to break out of Rakamaz, Hungarian forces fortified their positions and redeployed some troops. There was a lull in fighting in the north, as the Romanian troops did the same.


  • Kunhegyes, Hungary
    Thursday Jul 24, 1919
    Hungarian–Romanian War

    The Romanian Took Kunhegyes

    Kunhegyes, Hungary
    Thursday Jul 24, 1919

    On 24 July, the Romanian Army's northern maneuver group attacked. Elements of the 2nd Cavalry Division, supported by troops of the 18th Infantry Division, took Kunhegyes. The Romanian 1st Infantry Division attacked the Hungarian 6th Infantry Division and took Fegyvernek. The Romanian 6th Ddivision was less successful, being counterattacked on the left flank by the Hungarian reserve formations. Altogether, the attack pushed back the Hungarian army 20 kilometres (12 mi). Romanian forces were supported by the 2nd Vânători Division and some cavalry units when they became available.


  • Fegyvernek, Hungary
    Friday Jul 25, 1919
    Hungarian–Romanian War

    Hungarian Forces Counterattacked at Fegyvernek

    Fegyvernek, Hungary
    Friday Jul 25, 1919

    On 25 July, fighting continued. Hungarian forces counterattacked at Fegyvernek, engaging the Romanian 1st Infantry Division. With their lines breaking, Hungarian troops began a retreat towards the Tisza River bridge at Szolnok.


  • Rakamaz, Hungary
    Saturday Jul 26, 1919
    10:00:00 PM
    Hungarian–Romanian War

    The Romanians Cleared The Rakamaz Bridgehead

    Rakamaz, Hungary
    Saturday Jul 26, 1919
    10:00:00 PM

    On 26 July, the Romanians attacked, and by 10 p.m. had cleared the Rakamaz bridgehead. This left the Romanian army in control of the northern part of the Tisza's eastern bank.


  • Hungary
    Sunday Jul 27, 1919
    Hungarian–Romanian War

    The Romanian Army Tested The Strength of The Hungarian Defense

    Hungary
    Sunday Jul 27, 1919

    After repelling the Hungarian attack, the Romanian army prepared to cross the Tisza River. From 27–29 July, the Romanian Army tested the strength of the Hungarian defense with small attacks. A plan was made to cross the Tisza River near Fegyvernek, where it makes a turn.


  • Tisza River, Hungary
    Tuesday Jul 29, 1919
    Hungarian–Romanian War

    The Romanian Army crossed the Tisza River

    Tisza River, Hungary
    Tuesday Jul 29, 1919

    On the night of 29–30 July, the Romanian Army crossed the Tisza River. Decoy operations were mounted at other points along the river, bringing intense artillery duels. Romanian forces held the element of surprise.


  • Budapest, Hungary
    Thursday Jul 31, 1919
    Hungarian–Romanian War

    Hungarian Army retreated Towards Budapest

    Budapest, Hungary
    Thursday Jul 31, 1919

    On 31 July the Hungarian army retreated towards Budapest.


  • Budapest, Hungary
    Sunday Aug 3, 1919
    Hungarian–Romanian War

    Entering Budapest

    Budapest, Hungary
    Sunday Aug 3, 1919

    Romanian forces continued their advance towards Budapest. On 3 August, under the command of General Rusescu, three squadrons of the 6th Cavalry Regiment of the 4th Brigade entered Budapest.


  • Győr, Hungary
    Monday Aug 4, 1919
    Hungarian–Romanian War

    The Romanian Forces Continued Their advance Into Hungary and Stopped at Győr

    Győr, Hungary
    Monday Aug 4, 1919

    Until midday on 4 August, 400 Romanian soldiers with two artillery guns held Budapest. Then the bulk of the Romanian troops arrived in the city and a parade was held through the city center in front of the commander, General Moşoiu. Romanian forces continued their advance into Hungary and stopped at Győr. As of 8 August, the Romanians had captured 1,235 Hungarian officers and 40,000 soldiers, seized 350 guns—including two with a caliber of 305 mm—332 machine guns, 52,000 rifles and 87 airplanes.


  • Hungary
    1920
    Hungarian–Romanian War

    The Romanian Troops departed Hungary

    Hungary
    1920

    In early 1920, Romanian troops departed Hungary. They took with them resources including foodstuffs, mineral ores and transportation and factory equipment and also discovered historic bells of Romanian churches in Budapest taken by the Hungarians from Austro-Hungarian Army, which had not been melted then.


  • Hungary
    1925
    Mother's Day

    Mother's Day (Hungary)

    Hungary
    1925

    It was first celebrated in 1925 by the Hungarian Red Cross Youth.


  • Budapest, Hungary
    1930
    Incandescent light bulb

    Filling lamps with krypton gas rather than argon

    Budapest, Hungary
    1930

    In 1930, Hungarian Imre Bródy filled lamps with krypton gas rather than argon, and designed a process to obtain krypton from air. Production of krypton filled lamps based on his invention started at Ajka in 1937, in a factory co-designed by Polányi and Hungarian-born physicist Egon Orowan.


  • Hungary
    Sunday Mar 19, 1944
    The Holocaust

    Hitler ordered the military occupation of Hungary

    Hungary
    Sunday Mar 19, 1944

    On 19 March 1944, Hitler ordered the military occupation of Hungary and dispatched Adolf Eichmann to Budapest to supervise the deportation of the country's Jews.


  • Hungary
    Wednesday Mar 22, 1944
    The Holocaust

    Jews were required to wear the yellow star in Hungary

    Hungary
    Wednesday Mar 22, 1944

    From March 22nd, Jews were required to wear the yellow star; were forbidden from owning cars, bicycles, radios, or telephones; and were later forced into ghettos.


  • Hungary
    May, 1944
    The Holocaust

    Jews were deported from Hungary

    Hungary
    May, 1944

    Between 15 May and early July 1944, 437,000 Jews were deported from Hungary, mostly to Auschwitz, where most of them were gassed; there were four transports a day, each carrying 3,000 people.


  • Hungary
    Oct, 1944
    The Holocaust

    A lot of Jews died on the march to the Austrian border

    Hungary
    Oct, 1944

    In Budapest in October and November 1944, the Hungarian Arrow Cross forced 50,000 Jews to march to the Austrian border as part of a deal with Germany to supply forced labor. So many died that the marches were stopped.


  • Budapest, Kingdom of Hungary
    Monday Oct 16, 1944
    World War II

    Operation Panzerfaust

    Budapest, Kingdom of Hungary
    Monday Oct 16, 1944

    German forces undertaken military operation to ensure the Kingdom of Hungary would remain a German ally. The operation was on 15 October 1944.


  • Budapest, Kingdom of Hungary
    Monday Oct 30, 1944
    World War II

    Budapest Offensive

    Budapest, Kingdom of Hungary
    Monday Oct 30, 1944

    Soviets launched a massive assault against German-occupied Hungary. The offensive lasted from 29 October 1944 until the fall of Budapest on 13 February 1945.


  • Budapest, Kingdom of Hungary
    Tuesday Feb 13, 1945
    World War II

    Fall of Budapest

    Budapest, Kingdom of Hungary
    Tuesday Feb 13, 1945

    The Siege of Budapest was the 50-day-long encirclement by Soviet and Romanian forces of the Hungarian capital of Budapest. The city unconditionally surrendered on 13 February 1945. It was a strategic victory for the Allies in their push towards Berlin.


  • Lake Balaton, Kingdom of Hungary
    Sunday Apr 15, 1945
    World War II

    Operation Spring Awakening - Last German major offensive

    Lake Balaton, Kingdom of Hungary
    Sunday Apr 15, 1945

    In early March, in an attempt to protect its last oil reserves in Hungary and to retake Budapest, Germany launched its last major offensive against Soviet troops near Lake Balaton. In two weeks, the offensive had been repulsed. The operation lasted from 6 to 16 March, while the Soviet counter attack took place between 16 March to 15 April 1945.


  • Hungary
    Sunday Nov 4, 1945
    Hungarian Revolution of 1956

    1945 Hungarian parliamentary election

    Hungary
    Sunday Nov 4, 1945

    Toward the end of World War II, the Soviet Army occupied Hungary, with the country coming under the Soviet Union's sphere of influence. Immediately after World War II, Hungary was a multiparty democracy, and elections in 1945 produced a coalition government under Prime Minister Zoltán Tildy.


  • Hungary
    1946
    Hungarian Revolution of 1956

    The post-war Hungarian Economy Suffered From Multiple Challenges

    Hungary
    1946

    The post-war Hungarian economy suffered from multiple challenges. Hungary agreed to pay war reparations approximating US$300 million to the Soviet Union, Czechoslovakia, and Yugoslavia and to support Soviet garrisons. The Hungarian National Bank in 1946 estimated the cost of reparations as "between 19 and 22 per cent of the annual national income".


  • Hungary
    1946
    Hungarian Revolution of 1956

    The Hungarian Currency Experienced Marked Depreciation

    Hungary
    1946

    In 1946, the Hungarian currency experienced marked depreciation, resulting in the highest historic rates of hyperinflation known. Hungary's participation in the Soviet-sponsored COMECON (Council of Mutual Economic Assistance) prevented it from trading with the West or receiving Marshall Plan aid.


  • Hungary
    1949
    Hungarian Revolution of 1956

    Arresting The Leader of The Hungarian Catholic Church

    Hungary
    1949

    Russian language study and Communist political instruction were made mandatory in schools and universities nationwide. Religious schools were nationalized and church leaders were replaced by those loyal to the government. In 1949 the leader of the Hungarian Catholic Church, Cardinal József Mindszenty, was arrested and sentenced to life imprisonment for treason. Under Rákosi, Hungary's government was among the most repressive in Europe.


  • Hungary
    1949
    Hungarian Revolution of 1956

    The Communist Party merged With The Social Democratic Party

    Hungary
    1949

    The brief period of multi-party democracy came to an end when the Communist Party merged with the Social Democratic Party to become the Hungarian Working People's Party, which stood its candidate list unopposed in 1949. The People's Republic of Hungary was then declared.


  • Hungary
    Apr, 1955
    Hungarian Revolution of 1956

    Rákosi Removed Nagy From Office

    Hungary
    Apr, 1955

    By April 1955, Rákosi had Nagy discredited and removed from office.


  • Hungary
    1956
    Hungarian Revolution of 1956

    Relations between Hungary and The United States began to Improve

    Hungary
    1956

    In the summer of 1956, relations between Hungary and the United States began to improve. At that time, the United States responded very favourably to Hungary's overtures about a possible expansion of bilateral trade relations. Hungary's desire for better relations was partly attributable to the country's catastrophic economic situation. Before any results could be achieved, however, the pace of negotiations was slowed by the Hungarian Ministry of Internal Affairs, which feared that better relations with the West might weaken Communist rule in Hungary.


  • Hungary
    Wednesday Jul 18, 1956
    Hungarian Revolution of 1956

    Rákosi was deposed as General Secretary of The Hungarian Working People's Party

    Hungary
    Wednesday Jul 18, 1956

    After Khrushchev's "secret speech" of February 1956, which denounced Stalin and his protégés, Rákosi was deposed as General Secretary of the Party and replaced by Ernő Gerő on 18 July 1956.


  • Hungary
    Saturday Oct 6, 1956
    Hungarian Revolution of 1956

    László Rajk was Reburied

    Hungary
    Saturday Oct 6, 1956

    On 6 October 1956, László Rajk, who had been executed by the Rákosi government, was reburied in a moving ceremony that strengthened the party opposition.


  • Budapest, Hungary
    Monday Oct 22, 1956
    Hungarian Revolution of 1956

    Resurrect MEFESZ Student Union

    Budapest, Hungary
    Monday Oct 22, 1956

    By 22 October 1956, Technical University students had resurrected the banned MEFESZ student union.


  • Budapest, Hungary
    Tuesday Oct 23, 1956
    Hungarian Revolution of 1956

    Technical University Students Staged a demonstration

    Budapest, Hungary
    Tuesday Oct 23, 1956

    Technical University students staged a demonstration on 23 October that set off a chain of events leading directly to the revolution.


  • Budapest, Hungary
    Tuesday Oct 23, 1956
    Hungarian Revolution of 1956

    Protesters Convened Next To The Statue of József Bem

    Budapest, Hungary
    Tuesday Oct 23, 1956

    On the afternoon of 23 October 1956, approximately 20,400 protesters convened next to the statue of József Bem—a national hero of Poland and Hungary.


  • Budapest, Hungary
    Tuesday Oct 23, 1956
    Hungarian Revolution of 1956

    Ernő Gerő Requested Soviet Military Intervention

    Budapest, Hungary
    Tuesday Oct 23, 1956

    During the night of 23 October, Hungarian Working People's Party Secretary Ernő Gerő requested Soviet military intervention "to suppress a demonstration that was reaching an ever greater and unprecedented scale". The Soviet leadership had formulated contingency plans for intervention in Hungary several months before.


  • Budapest, Hungary
    Tuesday Oct 23, 1956
    Hungarian Revolution of 1956

    The Incident at Radio Budapest building

    Budapest, Hungary
    Tuesday Oct 23, 1956

    A large crowd gathered at the Radio Budapest building, which was heavily guarded by the ÁVH. The flash point was reached as a delegation attempting to broadcast their demands was detained and the crowd grew increasingly unruly as rumours spread that the protesters had been shot. Tear gas was thrown from the upper windows and the ÁVH opened fire on the crowd, killing many. The ÁVH tried to re-supply itself by hiding arms inside an ambulance, but the crowd detected the ruse and intercepted it. Hungarian soldiers sent to relieve the ÁVH hesitated and then, tearing the red stars from their caps, sided with the crowd. Provoked by the ÁVH attack, protesters reacted violently. Police cars were set ablaze, guns were seized from military depots and distributed to the masses and symbols of the Communist regime were vandalised.


  • Hungary
    Tuesday Oct 23, 1956
    08:00:00 PM
    Hungarian Revolution of 1956

    Ernő Gerő broadcast a Speech Condemning The writers' and Students' Demands

    Hungary
    Tuesday Oct 23, 1956
    08:00:00 PM

    At 20:00, First Secretary Ernő Gerő broadcast a speech condemning the writers' and students' demands.


  • Budapest, Hungary
    Tuesday Oct 23, 1956
    09:30:00 PM
    Hungarian Revolution of 1956

    The Removal of Stalin's Bronze Statue

    Budapest, Hungary
    Tuesday Oct 23, 1956
    09:30:00 PM

    Angered by Gerő's hard-line rejection, some demonstrators decided to carry out one of their demands, the removal of Stalin's 30-foot-high (9.1 m) bronze statue that was erected in 1951 on the site of a church, which was demolished to make room for the monument. By 21:30, the statue was toppled and crowds celebrated by placing Hungarian flags in Stalin's boots, which was all that was left of the statue.


  • Budapest, Hungary
    Wednesday Oct 24, 1956
    02:00:00 AM
    Hungarian Revolution of 1956

    The Soviet Tanks Entered Budapest

    Budapest, Hungary
    Wednesday Oct 24, 1956
    02:00:00 AM

    By 02:00 on 24 October, acting in accordance with orders of Georgy Zhukov, the Soviet defense minister, Soviet tanks entered Budapest.


  • Budapest, Hungary
    Wednesday Oct 24, 1956
    Hungarian Revolution of 1956

    Soviet Tanks were stationed outside the Parliament

    Budapest, Hungary
    Wednesday Oct 24, 1956

    By noon, on 24 October, Soviet tanks were stationed outside the Parliament, and Soviet soldiers guarded key bridges and crossroads. Armed revolutionaries quickly set up barricades to defend Budapest, and were reported to have already captured some Soviet tanks by mid-morning.


  • Budapest, Hungary
    Wednesday Oct 24, 1956
    Hungarian Revolution of 1956

    Imre Nagy Replaced András Hegedüs as Prime Minister

    Budapest, Hungary
    Wednesday Oct 24, 1956

    On 24 October, Imre Nagy replaced András Hegedüs as Prime Minister. On the radio, Nagy called for an end to violence and promised to initiate political reforms that had been shelved three years earlier. The population continued to arm itself as sporadic violence erupted.


  • Budapest, Hungary
    Thursday Oct 25, 1956
    Hungarian Revolution of 1956

    A mass of Protesters Gathered in Front of The Parliament Building

    Budapest, Hungary
    Thursday Oct 25, 1956

    On 25 October, a mass of protesters gathered in front of the Parliament Building. ÁVH units began shooting into the crowd from the rooftops of neighbouring buildings. Some Soviet soldiers returned fire on the ÁVH, mistakenly believing that they were the targets of the shooting. Supplied by arms taken from the ÁVH or given by Hungarian soldiers who joined the uprising, some in the crowd started shooting back.


  • Kecskemét, Hungary
    Friday Oct 26, 1956
    Hungarian Revolution of 1956

    The Military Action Towards The demonstrations in Front of The Office of State Security and The Local Jail

    Kecskemét, Hungary
    Friday Oct 26, 1956

    In the town of Kecskemét on 26 October, demonstrations in front of the office of State Security and the local jail led to military action by the Third Corps under the orders of Major General Lajos Gyurkó, in which seven protesters were shot and several of the organizers were arrested.


  • Csepel, Budapest, Hungary
    Saturday Oct 27, 1956
    Hungarian Revolution of 1956

    The Army Units Were brought In To Secure Csepel and Restore Order

    Csepel, Budapest, Hungary
    Saturday Oct 27, 1956

    On 27 October, army units were brought in to secure Csepel and restore order.


  • Hungary
    Sunday Oct 28, 1956
    Hungarian Revolution of 1956

    A Ceasefire Was Arranged

    Hungary
    Sunday Oct 28, 1956

    Hungarian general Béla Király, freed from a life sentence for political offences and acting with the support of the Nagy government, sought to restore order by unifying elements of the police, army and insurgent groups into a National Guard. A ceasefire was arranged on 28 October.


  • Hungary
    Monday Oct 29, 1956
    Hungarian Revolution of 1956

    The Army Units withdrew from Csepel

    Hungary
    Monday Oct 29, 1956

    The army units withdrew from Csepel on 29 October, after which the rebels seized control of the area.


  • Hungary
    Monday Oct 29, 1956
    Hungarian Revolution of 1956

    There Were 71 Cases of Armed Clashes between The Army and The Populace In Fifty Communities

    Hungary
    Monday Oct 29, 1956

    From 24 to 29 October, however, there were 71 cases of armed clashes between the army and the populace in fifty communities, ranging from the defence of attacks on civilian and military objectives to fighting with insurgents depending on the commanding officer.


  • Budapest, Hungary
    Tuesday Oct 30, 1956
    Hungarian Revolution of 1956

    Attacking The Central Committee of The Communist Party building

    Budapest, Hungary
    Tuesday Oct 30, 1956

    On 30 October, Király's forces attacked the Central Committee of the Communist Party building.


  • Budapest, Hungary
    Tuesday Oct 30, 1956
    Hungarian Revolution of 1956

    Most Soviet Troops had Withdrawn from Budapest

    Budapest, Hungary
    Tuesday Oct 30, 1956

    By 30 October most Soviet troops had withdrawn from Budapest to garrisons in the Hungarian countryside.


  • Hungary
    Tuesday Oct 30, 1956
    Hungarian Revolution of 1956

    The Local Revolutionary Councils Had been Officially Sanctioned

    Hungary
    Tuesday Oct 30, 1956

    Local revolutionary councils formed throughout Hungary, generally without involvement from the preoccupied National Government in Budapest, and assumed various responsibilities of local government from the defunct Communist party. By 30 October, these councils had been officially sanctioned by the Hungarian Working People's Party, and the Nagy government asked for their support as "autonomous, democratic local organs formed during the Revolution".


  • Budapest, Hungary
    Tuesday Oct 30, 1956
    Hungarian Revolution of 1956

    Armed Protesters Attacked The ÁVH detachment Guarding The Budapest Hungarian Working People's Party Headquarters

    Budapest, Hungary
    Tuesday Oct 30, 1956

    On 30 October, armed protesters attacked the ÁVH detachment guarding the Budapest Hungarian Working People's Party headquarters on Köztársaság tér (Republic Square), incited by rumours of prisoners held there and the earlier shootings of demonstrators by the ÁVH in the city of Mosonmagyaróvár.


  • Hungary
    Thursday Nov 1, 1956
    Hungarian Revolution of 1956

    Nagy Formally declared Hungary's Withdrawal From The Warsaw Pact

    Hungary
    Thursday Nov 1, 1956

    On 1 November, in a radio address to the Hungarian people, Nagy formally declared Hungary's withdrawal from the Warsaw Pact as well as Hungary's stance of neutrality.


  • Hungary
    Thursday Nov 1, 1956
    Hungarian Revolution of 1956

    The Soviet Forces Had Entered Hungary From The East

    Hungary
    Thursday Nov 1, 1956

    On 1 November, Imre Nagy received reports that Soviet forces had entered Hungary from the east and were moving towards Budapest. Nagy sought and received assurances (which proved false) from Soviet ambassador Yuri Andropov that the Soviet Union would not invade. The Cabinet, with János Kádár in agreement, declared Hungary's neutrality, withdrew from the Warsaw Pact, and requested assistance from the diplomatic corps in Budapest and Dag Hammarskjöld, UN Secretary-General, to defend Hungary's neutrality. Ambassador Andropov was asked to inform his government that Hungary would begin negotiations on the removal of Soviet forces immediately.


  • Tököl, Hungary
    Saturday Nov 3, 1956
    Hungarian Revolution of 1956

    The Negotiations On The Soviet Withdrawal

    Tököl, Hungary
    Saturday Nov 3, 1956

    On 3 November, a Hungarian delegation led by the Minister of Defense Pál Maléter was invited to attend negotiations on Soviet withdrawal at the Soviet Military Command at Tököl, near Budapest. At around midnight that evening, General Ivan Serov, Chief of the Soviet Security Police (KGB) ordered the arrest of the Hungarian delegation, and the next day, the Soviet army again attacked Budapest.


  • Budapest, Hungary
    Saturday Nov 3, 1956
    09:30:00 PM
    Hungarian Revolution of 1956

    The Soviet Army Had Completely Encircled Budapest

    Budapest, Hungary
    Saturday Nov 3, 1956
    09:30:00 PM

    The second Soviet intervention, codenamed "Operation Whirlwind", was launched by Marshal Ivan Konev. And By 21:30 on 3 November, the Soviet Army had completely encircled Budapest.


  • Budapest, Hungary
    Sunday Nov 4, 1956
    03:00:00 AM
    Hungarian Revolution of 1956

    Soviet Tanks Penetrated Budapest

    Budapest, Hungary
    Sunday Nov 4, 1956
    03:00:00 AM

    At 03:00 on 4 November, Soviet tanks penetrated Budapest along the Pest side of the Danube in two thrusts: one up the Soroksári road from the south and the other down the Váci road from the north.


  • Budapest, Hungary
    Sunday Nov 4, 1956
    04:25:00 AM
    Hungarian Revolution of 1956

    Armoured Units Crossed Into Buda and Fired The First Shots at The Army Barracks on Budaörsi Road

    Budapest, Hungary
    Sunday Nov 4, 1956
    04:25:00 AM

    Thus before a single shot was fired, the Soviets had effectively split the city in half, controlled all bridgeheads, and were shielded to the rear by the wide Danube river. Armoured units crossed into Buda and at 04:25 fired the first shots at the army barracks on Budaörsi Road. Soon after, Soviet artillery and tank fire was heard in all districts of Budapest.


  • Hungary
    Sunday Nov 4, 1956
    05:20:00 AM
    Hungarian Revolution of 1956

    Imre Nagy Broadcast His Final Plea To The Nation and The World

    Hungary
    Sunday Nov 4, 1956
    05:20:00 AM

    At 05:20 on 4 November, Imre Nagy broadcast his final plea to the nation and the world, announcing that Soviet Forces were attacking Budapest and that the Government remained at its post.


  • Szolnok, Hungary
    Sunday Nov 4, 1956
    06:00:00 AM
    Hungarian Revolution of 1956

    János Kádár Proclaimed The "Hungarian Revolutionary Worker-Peasant Government"

    Szolnok, Hungary
    Sunday Nov 4, 1956
    06:00:00 AM

    At 06:00, on 4 November, in the town of Szolnok, János Kádár proclaimed the "Hungarian Revolutionary Worker-Peasant Government". His statement declared "We must put an end to the excesses of the counter-revolutionary elements. The hour for action has sounded. We are going to defend the interest of the workers and peasants and the achievements of the people's democracy."


  • Budapest, Hungary
    Sunday Nov 4, 1956
    08:00:00 AM
    Hungarian Revolution of 1956

    Organised Defence of The City Evaporated

    Budapest, Hungary
    Sunday Nov 4, 1956
    08:00:00 AM

    By 08:00 organised defense of the city evaporated after the radio station was seized, and many defenders fell back to fortified positions. During the same hour, the parliamentary guard laid down their arms, and forces under Major General K. Grebennik captured Parliament and liberated captured ministers of the Rákosi–Hegedüs government.


  • Budapest, Hungary
    Sunday Nov 4, 1956
    08:07:00 AM
    Hungarian Revolution of 1956

    Free Kossuth Rádió Stopped Broadcasting

    Budapest, Hungary
    Sunday Nov 4, 1956
    08:07:00 AM

    The radio station, Free Kossuth Rádió, stopped broadcasting at 08:07. An emergency Cabinet meeting was held in the Parliament but was attended by only three ministers. As Soviet troops arrived to occupy the building, a negotiated evacuation ensued, leaving Minister of State István Bibó as the last representative of the National Government remaining at his post. He wrote For Freedom and Truth, a stirring proclamation to the nation and the world.


  • Hungary
    Sunday Nov 4, 1956
    Hungarian Revolution of 1956

    Fighting Ceased

    Hungary
    Sunday Nov 4, 1956

    Fighting ceased between 28 October and 4 November, as many Hungarians believed that Soviet military units were withdrawing from Hungary.


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