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  • Ireland
    5th Century
    St. Patrick's Day

    Saint Patrick

    Ireland
    5th Century

    Patrick was a 5th-century Romano-British Christian missionary and bishop in Ireland. Much of what is known about Saint Patrick comes from the Declaration, which was allegedly written by Patrick himself. It is believed that he was born in Roman Britain in the fourth century, into a wealthy Romano-British family. His father was a deacon and his grandfather was a priest in the Christian church. According to the Declaration, at the age of sixteen, he was kidnapped by Irish raiders and taken as a slave to Gaelic Ireland. It says that he spent six years there working as a shepherd and that during this time he "found God". The Declaration says that God told Patrick to flee to the coast, where a ship would be waiting to take him home. After making his way home, Patrick went on to become a priest.




  • Ireland
    5th Century
    St. Patrick's Day

    Saint Patrick's death

    Ireland
    5th Century

    Tradition holds that he died on 17 March and was buried at Downpatrick. Over the following centuries, many legends grew up around Patrick and he became Ireland's foremost saint.




  • Ireland
    17th Century
    St. Patrick's Day

    Irish Saint Patrick's feast day

    Ireland
    17th Century

    Saint Patrick's feast day, as a kind of national day, was already being celebrated by the Irish in Europe in the ninth and tenth centuries. In later times, he became more and more widely seen as the patron of Ireland. Saint Patrick's feast day was finally placed on the universal liturgical calendar in the Catholic Church due to the influence of Waterford-born Franciscan scholar Luke Wadding in the early 1600s. Saint Patrick's Day thus became a holy day of obligation for Roman Catholics in Ireland. It is also a feast day in the Church of Ireland, which is part of the worldwide Anglican Communion.




  • Ireland
    1726
    St. Patrick's Day

    Wearing green

    Ireland
    1726

    On St Patrick's Day, it is customary to wear shamrocks, green clothing or green accessories. St Patrick is said to have used the shamrock, a three-leaved plant, to explain the Holy Trinity to the pagan Irish. This story first appears in writing in 1726, though it may be older. In pagan Ireland, three was a significant number and the Irish had many triple deities, a fact that may have aided St Patrick in his evangelization efforts. Patricia Monaghan says there is no evidence that the shamrock was sacred to the pagan Irish. However, Jack Santino speculates that it may have represented the regenerative powers of nature, and was recast in a Christian context‍—‌icons of St Patrick often depict the saint "with a cross in one hand and a sprig of shamrocks in the other". Roger Homan writes, "We can perhaps see St Patrick drawing upon the visual concept of the triskele when he uses the shamrock to explain the Trinity".




  • Ireland
    1840s
    Disasters with highest death tolls

    Great Irish Famine

    Ireland
    1840s

    The Great Famine, or the Great Hunger, was a period of mass starvation and disease in Ireland from 1845 to 1849. During the famine, about one million people died and a million more emigrated from Ireland, causing the island's population to fall by between 20% and 25%.




  • Ireland
    1848
    Revolutions of 1848

    "Crime and Outrage Bill"

    Ireland
    1848

    The spark for the Young Irelander Revolution came in 1848 when the British Parliament passed the "Crime and Outrage Bill". The Bill was essentially a declaration of martial law in Ireland, designed to create a counter-insurgency against the growing Irish nationalist movement.




  • Ireland
    Saturday Jul 29, 1848
    Revolutions of 1848

    Young Ireland rebellion

    Ireland
    Saturday Jul 29, 1848

    The Young Irelander Rebellion was a failed Irish nationalist uprising led by the Young Ireland movement, part of the wider Revolutions of 1848 that affected most of Europe. It took place on 29 July 1848 at Farranrory, a small settlement about 4.3 km north-northeast of the village of Ballingarry, South Tipperary.


  • Ireland
    Jul, 1848
    Revolutions of 1848

    The Young Ireland Party launched its rebellion

    Ireland
    Jul, 1848

    In response, the Young Ireland Party launched its rebellion in July 1848, gathering landlords and tenants to its cause.


  • United Kingdom and Ireland
    1853
    1693 Sicily earthquake

    Mallet recorded 93,000 deaths, in his catalog of earthquakes

    United Kingdom and Ireland
    1853

    In 1853, Mallet recorded 93,000 deaths, in his catalog of earthquakes.


  • Dublin, Ireland
    1876
    Winston Churchill

    John Spencer-Churchill was appointed Viceroy of Ireland

    Dublin, Ireland
    1876

    In 1876, Churchill's paternal grandfather, John Spencer-Churchill, was appointed Viceroy of Ireland, then part of the United Kingdom. Randolph became his private secretary and the family relocated to Dublin.


  • Dublin, Ireland (then in United Kingdom)
    1880
    Winston Churchill

    Winston's brother was born

    Dublin, Ireland (then in United Kingdom)
    1880

    Winston's brother, Jack, was born there in 1880.


  • Ireland
    Tuesday Mar 17, 1903
    St. Patrick's Day

    Official public holiday in Ireland

    Ireland
    Tuesday Mar 17, 1903

    In 1903, St Patrick's Day became an official public holiday in Ireland. This was thanks to the Bank Holiday (Ireland) Act 1903, an act of the United Kingdom Parliament introduced by Irish Member of Parliament James O'Mara. O'Mara later introduced the law which required that public houses be shut on 17 March after drinking got out of hand, a provision that was repealed in the 1970s.


  • Ireland
    Tuesday Mar 17, 1903
    St. Patrick's Day

    The first St Patrick's Day parade

    Ireland
    Tuesday Mar 17, 1903

    The first St Patrick's Day parade in Ireland was held in Waterford in 1903. The week of St Patrick's Day 1903 had been declared Irish Language Week by the Gaelic League and in Waterford, they opted to have a procession on Sunday 15 March. The procession comprised the Mayor and members of Waterford Corporation, the Trades Hall, the various trade unions and bands who included the 'Barrack St Band' and the 'Thomas Francis Meagher Band'. The parade began at the premises of the Gaelic League in George's St and finished in the Peoples Park, where the public was addressed by the Mayor and other dignitaries. On Tuesday 17 March, most Waterford businesses—including public houses—were closed and marching bands paraded as they had two days previously. The Waterford Trades Hall had been emphatic that the National Holiday be observed.


  • Cork, Ireland (United Kingdom that time)
    Thursday Apr 11, 1912
    12:00:00 AM
    Titanic

    Arrived Cork

    Cork, Ireland (United Kingdom that time)
    Thursday Apr 11, 1912
    12:00:00 AM

    At 11:30 a.m. on Thursday 11 April, Titanic arrived at Cork Harbour on the south coast of Ireland.


  • Ireland
    1913
    Irish War of Independence

    The Irish Citizen Army was founded

    Ireland
    1913

    Also in 1913, the Irish Citizen Army was founded by the trade unionists and socialists James Larkin and James Connolly following a series of violent incidents between trade unionists and the Dublin police in the Dublin lock-out.


  • Ireland
    Tuesday Nov 25, 1913
    Irish War of Independence

    The Irish Volunteers were formed

    Ireland
    Tuesday Nov 25, 1913

    On 25 November 1913, the Irish Volunteers were formed by Eoin MacNeill in response to the paramilitary Ulster Volunteer Force that had been founded earlier in the year to fight against Home Rule.


  • Ireland
    Jun, 1914
    Irish War of Independence

    Nationalist leader John Redmond forced the Volunteers to give his nominees a majority on the ruling committee

    Ireland
    Jun, 1914

    In June 1914, Nationalist leader John Redmond forced the Volunteers to give his nominees a majority on the ruling committee.


  • Ireland
    Sep, 1914
    Irish War of Independence

    Redmond encouraged the Volunteers to enlist in the British Army

    Ireland
    Sep, 1914

    In September 1914, Redmond encouraged the Volunteers to enlist in the British Army, a faction led by Eoin MacNeill broke with the Redmondites, who became known as the National Volunteers, rather than fight for Britain in the war.


  • Ireland
    Friday Sep 18, 1914
    Irish War of Independence

    Third Home Rule Act

    Ireland
    Friday Sep 18, 1914

    The British Parliament passed the Third Home Rule Act on 18 September 1914 with an amending Bill for the partition of Ireland introduced by Ulster Unionist MPs, but the Act's implementation was immediately postponed by the Suspensory Act 1914 due to the outbreak of the First World War in the previous month. The majority of nationalists followed their IPP leaders and John Redmond's call to support Britain and the Allied war effort in Irish regiments of the New British Army, the intention being to ensure the commencement of Home Rule after the war.


  • Ireland
    1916
    Irish War of Independence

    Plan for revolt was realised in the Easter Rising of 1916

    Ireland
    1916

    The plan for revolt was realised in the Easter Rising of 1916, in which the Volunteers launched an insurrection whose aim was to end British rule.


  • Ireland
    Friday Mar 17, 1916
    St. Patrick's Day

    1916 Parades

    Ireland
    Friday Mar 17, 1916

    On St Patrick's Day 1916, the Irish Volunteers—an Irish nationalist paramilitary organization—held parades throughout Ireland. The authorities recorded 38 St Patrick's Day parades, involving 6,000 marchers, almost half of whom were said to be armed. The following month, the Irish Volunteers launched the Easter Rising against British rule. This marked the beginning of the Irish revolutionary period and led to the Irish War of Independence and the Civil War. During this time, St Patrick's Day celebrations in Ireland were muted, although the day was sometimes chosen to hold large political rallies. The celebrations remained low-key after the creation of the Irish Free State; the only state-organized observance was a military procession and trooping of the colors, and an Irish-language mass attended by government ministers.


  • Ireland
    Saturday Apr 1, 1916
    Irish War of Independence

    Irish republicans launched the Easter Rising against British rule

    Ireland
    Saturday Apr 1, 1916

    In April 1916, Irish republicans launched the Easter Rising against British rule and proclaimed an Irish Republic. Although it was crushed after a week of fighting, the Easter Rising and the British response led to greater popular support for Irish independence.


  • Ireland
    Apr, 1918
    Irish War of Independence

    The Conscription Crisis

    Ireland
    Apr, 1918

    This further alienated Irish nationalists and produced mass demonstrations during the Conscription Crisis of 1918. In the 1918 general election Irish voters showed their disapproval of British policy by giving Sinn Féin 70% (73 seats out of 105) of Irish seats, 25 of these uncontested.


  • Ireland
    Monday Apr 8, 1918
    Irish War of Independence

    The Report of the Irish Convention

    Ireland
    Monday Apr 8, 1918

    In April 1918, the British Cabinet, in the face of the crisis caused by the German Spring Offensive, attempted with a dual policy to simultaneously link the enactment of conscription into Ireland with the implementation of Home Rule, as outlined in the report of the Irish Convention of 8 April 1918.


  • Ireland
    Jul, 1918
    Irish War of Independence

    Volunteers ambushed two RIC men who had been stationed to stop a feis being held on the road between Ballingeary and Ballyvourney in the first armed attack on the RIC

    Ireland
    Jul, 1918

    In early July 1918, Volunteers ambushed two RIC men who had been stationed to stop a feis being held on the road between Ballingeary and Ballyvourney in the first armed attack on the RIC since the Easter Rising – one was shot in the neck, the other beaten, and police carbines and ammunition were seized.


  • Ireland
    Saturday Dec 14, 1918
    Irish War of Independence

    The Republican party Sinn Féin won a landslide victory in Ireland

    Ireland
    Saturday Dec 14, 1918

    In the December 1918 election, the republican party Sinn Féin won a landslide victory in Ireland.


  • Dublin, Ireland
    Tuesday Jan 21, 1919
    Irish War of Independence

    First Dáil

    Dublin, Ireland
    Tuesday Jan 21, 1919

    Sinn Féin won 91% of the seats outside of Ulster on 46.9% of votes cast, but was in a minority in Ulster, where unionists were in a majority. Sinn Féin pledged not to sit in the UK Parliament at Westminster, but rather to set up an Irish Parliament. This parliament, known as the First Dáil, and its ministry, called the Aireacht, consisting only of Sinn Féin members, met at the Mansion House on 21 January 1919.


  • Soloheadbeg, Ireland
    Tuesday Jan 21, 1919
    Irish War of Independence

    Soloheadbeg Ambush

    Soloheadbeg, Ireland
    Tuesday Jan 21, 1919

    While it was not clear in the beginning of 1919 that the Dáil ever intended to gain independence by military means, and war was not explicitly threatened in Sinn Féin's 1918 manifesto, an incident occurred on 21 January 1919, the same day as the First Dáil convened. The Soloheadbeg Ambush, in County Tipperary, was led by Seán Treacy, Séumas Robinson, Seán Hogan and Dan Breen acting on their own initiative.


  • Ireland
    Tuesday Jan 21, 1919
    Irish War of Independence

    Breakaway Government

    Ireland
    Tuesday Jan 21, 1919

    On 21 January 1919 they formed a breakaway government (Dáil Éireann) and declared Irish independence.


  • Ireland
    Friday Apr 11, 1919
    Irish War of Independence

    Ostracism of RIC men was announced

    Ireland
    Friday Apr 11, 1919

    A policy of ostracism of RIC men was announced by the Dáil on 11 April 1919.


  • Ireland
    Wednesday Aug 20, 1919
    Irish War of Independence

    Oath of Allegiance

    Ireland
    Wednesday Aug 20, 1919

    The Oath of Allegiance to the Irish Republic which the Dáil had instated on 20 August 1919.


  • Ireland
    Sep, 1919
    Irish War of Independence

    An unofficial government policy of reprisals began

    Ireland
    Sep, 1919

    The British forces, in trying to re-assert their control over the country, often resorted to arbitrary reprisals against republican activists and the civilian population. An unofficial government policy of reprisals began in September 1919 in Fermoy, County Cork, when 200 British soldiers looted and burned the main businesses of the town, after one of their number – a soldier of the King's Shropshire Light Infantry who was the first British Army death in the campaign – had been killed in an armed raid by the local IRA on a church parade the day before (7 September).


  • Ireland
    1920
    Irish War of Independence

    The Irish Republic was a reality in the lives of many people

    Ireland
    1920

    By mid-1920, the Irish Republic was a reality in the lives of many people, enforcing its own law, maintaining its own armed forces and collecting its own taxes.


  • Ireland
    1920
    Irish War of Independence

    Government of Ireland Act 1920

    Ireland
    1920

    The treaty allowed Northern Ireland, which had been created by the Government of Ireland Act 1920.


  • Ireland
    1920
    Irish War of Independence

    Republicans won control of most county councils

    Ireland
    1920

    In mid-1920, Republicans won control of most county councils, and British authority collapsed in most of the south and west, forcing the British government to introduce emergency powers.


  • Ireland
    1920
    Irish War of Independence

    The IRP had a presence in 21 of Ireland's 32 counties

    Ireland
    1920

    By 1920, the IRP had a presence in 21 of Ireland's 32 counties.


  • Ireland
    Mar, 1920
    Irish War of Independence

    Black and Tans

    Ireland
    Mar, 1920

    The British increased the use of force; reluctant to deploy the regular British Army into the country in greater numbers, they set up two paramilitary police units to aid the RIC. The Black and Tans were seven thousand strong, mainly ex-British soldiers demobilized after World War I. Deployed to Ireland in March 1920, most came from English and Scottish cities. While officially they were part of the RIC, in reality, they were a paramilitary force.


  • Cork, Ireland
    Saturday Mar 20, 1920
    Irish War of Independence

    Sinn Féin Lord Mayor of Cork Death

    Cork, Ireland
    Saturday Mar 20, 1920

    In March 1920, Tomás Mac Curtain, the Sinn Féin Lord Mayor of Cork, was shot dead in front of his wife at his home, by men with blackened faces who were seen returning to the local police barracks. The jury at the inquest into his death returned a verdict of wilful murder against David Lloyd George (the British Prime Minister) and District Inspector Swanzy, among others. Swanzy was later tracked down and killed in Lisburn, County Antrim. This pattern of killings and reprisals escalated in the second half of 1920 and in 1921.


  • Ireland
    Apr, 1920
    Irish War of Independence

    The Irish Republican Police (IRP) was founded

    Ireland
    Apr, 1920

    The Irish Republican Police (IRP) was founded between April and June 1920, under the authority of Dáil Éireann and the former IRA Chief of Staff Cathal Brugha to replace the RIC and to enforce the ruling of the Dáil Courts, set up under the Irish Republic.


  • Ireland
    Apr, 1920
    Irish War of Independence

    400 abandoned RIC barracks were burned to the ground to prevent them being used again

    Ireland
    Apr, 1920

    In early April 1920, 400 abandoned RIC barracks were burned to the ground to prevent them being used again, along with almost one hundred income tax offices. The RIC withdrew from much of the countryside, leaving it in the hands of the IRA.


  • Ireland
    May, 1920
    Irish War of Independence

    Dublin dockers refused to handle any war matériel and were soon joined by the Irish Transport and General Workers' Union

    Ireland
    May, 1920

    In May 1920, Dublin dockers refused to handle any war matériel and were soon joined by the Irish Transport and General Workers' Union, who banned railway drivers from carrying members of the British forces. Blackleg train drivers were brought over from England, after drivers refused to carry British troops. The strike badly hampered British troop movements until December 1920, when it was called off.


  • Ireland
    Jun, 1920
    Irish War of Independence

    Assizes failed all across the south and west of Ireland

    Ireland
    Jun, 1920

    In June–July 1920, assizes failed all across the south and west of Ireland; trials by jury could not be held because jurors would not attend. The collapse of the court system demoralised the RIC and many police resigned or retired.


  • Ireland
    Jul, 1920
    Irish War of Independence

    The Auxiliaries arrived in Ireland

    Ireland
    Jul, 1920

    In July 1920, another quasi-military police body, the Auxiliaries, consisting of 2,215 former British army officers, arrived in Ireland. The Auxiliary Division had a reputation just as bad as the Tans for their mistreatment of the civilian population but tended to be more effective and more willing to take on the IRA. The policy of reprisals, which involved public denunciation or denial and private approval, was famously satirised by Lord Hugh Cecil when he said: "It seems to be agreed that there is no such thing as reprisals but they are having a good effect".


  • Cork, Ireland
    Saturday Jul 17, 1920
    Irish War of Independence

    British Colonel Gerald Smyth was assassinated by the IRA in the County Club in Cork city

    Cork, Ireland
    Saturday Jul 17, 1920

    On 17 July 1920, a British Colonel Gerald Smyth was assassinated by the IRA in the County Club in Cork city in response to a speech that was made to police officers of Listowel who had refused orders to move into the more urban areas, in which he stated "you may make mistakes occasionally, and innocent persons may be shot, but that cannot be helped.


  • Ireland
    Aug, 1920
    Irish War of Independence

    The Central fact of the present situation in Ireland is that the Irish Republic exists

    Ireland
    Aug, 1920

    The British Liberal journal, The Nation, wrote in August 1920 that "the central fact of the present situation in Ireland is that the Irish Republic exists".


  • Ireland
    Monday Aug 9, 1920
    Irish War of Independence

    British Parliament passed the Restoration of Order in Ireland Act

    Ireland
    Monday Aug 9, 1920

    On 9 August 1920, the British Parliament passed the Restoration of Order in Ireland Act. It replaced the trial by jury by courts-martial by regulation for those areas where IRA activity was prevalent.


  • Ireland
    Monday Nov 1, 1920
    Irish War of Independence

    Twenty-four men were executed by the British

    Ireland
    Monday Nov 1, 1920

    Between 1 November 1920 and 7 June 1921 twenty-four men were executed by the British.


  • Ireland
    Nov, 1920
    Irish War of Independence

    Violence escalated steadily from that summer and sharply

    Ireland
    Nov, 1920

    Violence escalated steadily from that summer and sharply after November 1920 until July 1921. (It was in this period that a mutiny broke out among the Connaught Rangers, stationed in India. Two were killed whilst trying to storm an armory and one was later executed).


  • Dublin, Ireland
    Sunday Nov 21, 1920
    Irish War of Independence

    There was a day of dramatic bloodshed in Dublin

    Dublin, Ireland
    Sunday Nov 21, 1920

    Then, on 21 November 1920, there was a day of dramatic bloodshed in Dublin. In the early morning, Collins' Squad attempted to wipe out the leading British intelligence operatives in the capital. The Squad shot 19 people, killing 14 and wounding 5. These consisted of British Army officers, police officers and civilians. The dead included members of the Cairo Gang and a courts-martial officer, and were killed at different places around Dublin.


  • Cork, Ireland
    Sunday Nov 21, 1920
    Irish War of Independence

    Bloody Sunday

    Cork, Ireland
    Sunday Nov 21, 1920

    About 300 people had been killed by late 1920, but the conflict escalated in November. On Bloody Sunday in Dublin, 21 November 1920, fourteen British intelligence operatives were assassinated in the morning; then in the afternoon the RIC opened fire on a crowd at a Gaelic football match, killing fourteen civilians and wounding 65. A week later, seventeen Auxiliaries were killed by the IRA in the Kilmichael Ambush in County Cork.


  • Cork, Ireland
    Sunday Nov 28, 1920
    Irish War of Independence

    Ambushed a patrol of Auxiliaries

    Cork, Ireland
    Sunday Nov 28, 1920

    On 28 November 1920, only a week after Bloody Sunday in Dublin, the west Cork unit of the IRA, under Tom Barry, ambushed a patrol of Auxiliaries at Kilmichael in County Cork, killing all but one of the 18-man patrol.


  • Ireland
    Dec, 1920
    Irish War of Independence

    Government of Ireland Act 1920

    Ireland
    Dec, 1920

    In the Government of Ireland Act 1920 (enacted in December 1920), the British government attempted to solve the conflict by creating two Home Rule parliaments in Ireland: Northern Ireland and Southern Ireland. While Dáil Éireann ignored this, deeming the Irish Republic to be already in existence, Unionists in the north-east accepted it and prepared to form their own government.


  • Cork, Ireland
    Friday Dec 10, 1920
    Irish War of Independence

    Martial law was proclaimed in Counties Cork

    Cork, Ireland
    Friday Dec 10, 1920

    On 10 December 1920, martial law was proclaimed in Counties Cork, Kerry, Limerick and Tipperary in Munster; in January 1921 martial law was extended to the rest of Munster in Counties Clare and Waterford, as well as Counties Kilkenny and Wexford in Leinster.


  • Cork, Ireland
    Saturday Dec 11, 1920
    Irish War of Independence

    IRA ambush in the city

    Cork, Ireland
    Saturday Dec 11, 1920

    On 11 December, the centre of Cork City was burnt out by the Black and Tans, who then shot at firefighters trying to tackle the blaze, in reprisal for an IRA ambush in the city on 11 December 1920 which killed one Auxiliary and wounded eleven.


  • Ireland
    Jan, 1921
    Irish War of Independence

    RIC police, army, IRA volunteers and civilians, being killed

    Ireland
    Jan, 1921

    During the following eight months until the Truce of July 1921, there was a spiraling of the death toll in the conflict, with 1,000 people including the RIC police, army, IRA volunteers and civilians, being killed in the months between January and July 1921 alone.


  • Ireland
    Jan, 1921
    Irish War of Independence

    Two years after the war had started

    Ireland
    Jan, 1921

    In January 1921, two years after the war had started, the Dáil debated "whether it was feasible to accept formally a state of war that was being thrust on them, or not", and decided not to declare war.


  • Ireland
    Tuesday Feb 1, 1921
    Irish War of Independence

    The First execution under martial law of an IRA man took place

    Ireland
    Tuesday Feb 1, 1921

    On 1 February, the first execution under martial law of an IRA man took place. Cornelius Murphy of Millstreet, Cork was shot in Cork city.


  • Ireland
    Friday Mar 11, 1921
    Irish War of Independence

    State of war with England

    Ireland
    Friday Mar 11, 1921

    on 11 March, Dáil Éireann President Éamon de Valera called for acceptance of a "state of war with England". The Dail voted unanimously to empower him to declare war whenever he saw fit, but he did not formally do so.


  • Cork, Ireland
    Saturday Mar 19, 1921
    Irish War of Independence

    Crossbarry Ambush

    Cork, Ireland
    Saturday Mar 19, 1921

    On 19 March 1921, Tom Barry's 100-strong West Cork IRA unit fought an action against 1,200 British troops – the Crossbarry Ambush. Barry's men narrowly avoided being trapped by converging British columns and inflicted between ten and thirty killed on the British side.


  • Kerry, Ireland
    Monday Mar 21, 1921
    Irish War of Independence

    Train at the Headford junction

    Kerry, Ireland
    Monday Mar 21, 1921

    On 21 March, the Kerry IRA attacked a train at the Headford junction near Killarney.


  • Ireland
    Friday May 13, 1921
    Irish War of Independence

    General election for the Parliament of Southern Ireland

    Ireland
    Friday May 13, 1921

    A general election for the Parliament of Southern Ireland was held on 13 May. Sinn Féin won 124 of the new parliament's 128 seats unopposed, but its elected members refused to take their seats.


  • Ireland
    Friday May 13, 1921
    Irish War of Independence

    The failure of the British efforts to put down the guerrillas was illustrated

    Ireland
    Friday May 13, 1921

    The failure of the British efforts to put down the guerrillas was illustrated by the events of "Black Whitsun" on 13–15 May 1921.


  • Dublin, Ireland
    Wednesday May 25, 1921
    Irish War of Independence

    Several hundred IRA men from the Dublin Brigade occupied and burned the Custom House

    Dublin, Ireland
    Wednesday May 25, 1921

    The biggest single loss for the IRA, however, came in Dublin. On 25 May 1921, several hundred IRA men from the Dublin Brigade occupied and burned the Custom House (the center of local government in Ireland) in Dublin city center. Symbolically, this was intended to show that British rule in Ireland was untenable. However, from a military point of view, it was a heavy defeat in which five IRA men were killed and over eighty captured.


  • Ireland
    Monday Jun 6, 1921
    Irish War of Independence

    The British made their first conciliatory gesture, calling off the policy of house burnings as reprisals

    Ireland
    Monday Jun 6, 1921

    On 6 June 1921, the British made their first conciliatory gesture, calling off the policy of house burnings as reprisals. On the other side, IRA leaders and in particular Michael Collins, felt that the IRA as it was then organized could not continue indefinitely. It had been hard-pressed by the deployment of more regular British soldiers to Ireland and by the lack of arms and ammunition.


  • Ireland
    Friday Jun 24, 1921
    Irish War of Independence

    The Chosen leader of the great majority in Southern Ireland

    Ireland
    Friday Jun 24, 1921

    Seizing the momentum, Lloyd George wrote to Éamon de Valera as "the chosen leader of the great majority in Southern Ireland" on 24 June, suggesting a conference.


  • Ireland
    Friday Jun 24, 1921
    Irish War of Independence

    British Coalition Government's Cabinet decided to propose talks with the leader of Sinn Féin

    Ireland
    Friday Jun 24, 1921

    On 24 June 1921, the British Coalition Government's Cabinet decided to propose talks with the leader of Sinn Féin. Coalition Liberals and Unionists agreed that an offer to negotiate would strengthen the Government's position if Sinn Féin refused.


  • Ireland
    Jul, 1921
    Irish War of Independence

    50,000 British troops based in Ireland

    Ireland
    Jul, 1921

    By July 1921 there were 50,000 British troops based in Ireland; by contrast, there were 14,000 soldiers in metropolitan Britain.


  • Ireland
    Monday Jul 11, 1921
    Irish War of Independence

    Fighting in the south was largely ended by the Truce

    Ireland
    Monday Jul 11, 1921

    While the fighting in the south was largely ended by the Truce on 11 July 1921, in the north killings continued and actually escalated until the summer of 1922.


  • Ireland
    Monday Jul 11, 1921
    Irish War of Independence

    War of independence in Ireland ended

    Ireland
    Monday Jul 11, 1921

    The war of independence in Ireland ended with a truce on 11 July 1921.


  • Ireland
    Dec, 1921
    Irish War of Independence

    80 recorded attacks by the IRA on the soon to be disbanded RIC, leaving 12 dead

    Ireland
    Dec, 1921

    Most IRA officers on the ground interpreted the Truce merely as a temporary respite and continued recruiting and training volunteers. Nor did attacks on the RIC or British Army cease altogether. Between December 1921 and February of the next year, there were 80 recorded attacks by the IRA on the soon to be disbanded RIC, leaving 12 dead.


  • Ireland
    Saturday Jan 7, 1922
    Irish War of Independence

    Anglo-Irish Treaty was then ratified in triplicate

    Ireland
    Saturday Jan 7, 1922

    Anglo-Irish Treaty was then ratified in triplicate: by Dáil Éireann on 7 January 1922.


  • Clonmel, Ireland
    Saturday Feb 18, 1922
    Irish War of Independence

    Ernie O'Malley's IRA unit raided the RIC barracks at Clonmel

    Clonmel, Ireland
    Saturday Feb 18, 1922

    On 18 February 1922, Ernie O'Malley's IRA unit raided the RIC barracks at Clonmel, taking 40 policemen prisoner and seizing over 600 weapons and thousands of rounds of ammunition.


  • Cork, Ireland
    Apr, 1922
    Irish War of Independence

    Dunmanway killings

    Cork, Ireland
    Apr, 1922

    In April 1922, in the Dunmanway killings, an IRA party in Cork killed 10 local suspected Protestant informers in retaliation for the shooting of one of their men. Those killed were named in captured British files as informers before the Truce signed the previous July.


  • Dublin, Ireland
    Jun, 1922
    Irish War of Independence

    The cycle of sectarian atrocities against civilians however continued

    Dublin, Ireland
    Jun, 1922

    The cycle of sectarian atrocities against civilians however continued into June 1922. May saw 75 people killed in Belfast and another 30 died there in June. Several thousand Catholics fled the violence and sought refuge in Glasgow and Dublin.


  • Ireland
    Saturday Jun 17, 1922
    Irish War of Independence

    Revenge

    Ireland
    Saturday Jun 17, 1922

    On 17 June, in revenge for the killing of two Catholics by the B-Specials, Frank Aiken's IRA unit shot ten Protestant civilians, killing six in and around Altnaveigh, south Armagh. Three Special Constables were also killed in the shootings.


  • Bealnablath, Ireland
    Aug, 1922
    Irish War of Independence

    Collin's death

    Bealnablath, Ireland
    Aug, 1922

    The outbreak of the civil war in the South ended the violence in the North, as the war demoralized the IRA in the northeast and distracted the attention of the rest of the organization from the question of partition. After Collins' death in August 1922, the new Irish Free State quietly ended Collins' policy of covert armed action in Northern Ireland.


  • Ireland
    Thursday Oct 5, 1922
    Irish War of Independence

    Last reported killing of the conflict

    Ireland
    Thursday Oct 5, 1922

    The violence in the north fizzled out by late 1922, the last reported killing of the conflict in what was now Northern Ireland took place on 5 October.


  • Ireland
    Wednesday Dec 6, 1922
    Irish War of Independence

    First internationally recognized head of an independent Irish government

    Ireland
    Wednesday Dec 6, 1922

    On 6 December 1922, following the coming into legal existence of the Irish Free State, W. T. Cosgrave became President of the Executive Council, the first internationally recognized head of an independent Irish government.


  • Ireland
    Friday Dec 8, 1922
    Irish War of Independence

    The Free State if it wished, which it duly did

    Ireland
    Friday Dec 8, 1922

    The Free State if it wished, which it duly did on 8 December 1922 under the procedures laid down.


  • Ireland
    1923
    Irish War of Independence

    Irish Civil War Ended

    Ireland
    1923

    Irish Civil War lasted until mid-1923 and cost the lives of many of the leaders of the independence movement, notably the head of the Provisional Government Michael Collins, ex-minister Cathal Brugha, and anti-treaty republicans Harry Boland, Rory O'Connor, Liam Mellows, Liam Lynch and many others: total casualties have never been determined but were perhaps higher than those in the earlier fighting against the British. President Arthur Griffith also died of a cerebral hemorrhage during the conflict.


  • Belfast, Northern Ireland
    Feb, 1923
    Irish War of Independence

    British were detaining 263 men on Argenta, which was moored in Belfast Lough

    Belfast, Northern Ireland
    Feb, 1923

    By February 1923, under the 1922 Special Powers Act the British were detaining 263 men on Argenta, which was moored in Belfast Lough. This was supplemented with internment at other land based sites such as Larne workhouse, Belfast Prison and Derry Gaol. Together, both the ship and the workhouse alone held 542 men without trial at the highest internment population level during June 1923.


  • Ireland
    Thursday Mar 17, 1927
    St. Patrick's Day

    Selling alcohol ban

    Ireland
    Thursday Mar 17, 1927

    In 1927, the Irish Free State government banned the selling of alcohol on St Patrick's Day, although it remained legal in Northern Ireland. The ban was not repealed until 1961.


  • Dublin Ireland
    Tuesday Mar 17, 1931
    St. Patrick's Day

    First official, state-sponsored St Patrick's Day parade

    Dublin Ireland
    Tuesday Mar 17, 1931

    The first official, state-sponsored St Patrick's Day parade in Dublin took place in 1931.


  • Ireland
    Sunday Mar 17, 1940
    St. Patrick's Day

    Holy week concurrence

    Ireland
    Sunday Mar 17, 1940

    The church calendar avoids the observance of saints' feasts during certain solemnities, moving the saint's day to a time outside those periods. St Patrick's Day is occasionally affected by this requirement, when 17 March falls during Holy Week. This happened in 1940 when Saint Patrick's Day was observed on 3 April to avoid it coinciding with Palm Sunday, and again in 2008, where it was officially observed on 15 March. St Patrick's Day will not fall within Holy Week again until 2160. However, the popular festivities may still be held on 17 March or on a weekend near to the feast day.


  • Ireland
    1952
    St. Patrick's Day

    Irish tradition

    Ireland
    1952

    Irish Government Ministers travel abroad on official visits to various countries around the globe to celebrate St Patrick's Day and promote Ireland. The most prominent of these is the visit of the Irish Taoiseach (Irish Prime Minister) with the U.S. President which happens on or around St Patrick's Day. Traditionally the Taoiseach presents the U.S. President a Waterford Crystal bowl filled with shamrocks. This tradition began when in 1952, Irish Ambassador to the U.S. John Hearne sent a box of shamrocks to President Harry S. Truman. From then on it became an annual tradition of the Irish ambassador to the U.S. to present the St Patrick's Day shamrock to an official in the U.S. President's administration, although on some occasions the shamrock presentation was made by the Irish Taoiseach or Irish President to the U.S. President personally in Washington, such as when President Dwight D. Eisenhower met Taoiseach John A. Costello in 1956 and President Seán T. O'Kelly in 1959 or when President Ronald Reagan met Taoiseach Garret FitzGerald in 1986 and Taoiseach Charles J. Haughey in 1987. However, it was only after the meeting between Taoiseach Albert Reynolds and President Bill Clinton in 1994 that the presenting of the shamrock ceremony became an annual event for the leaders of both countries for St Patrick's Day.


  • Near Watervill, Ireland
    Sunday Jun 23, 1985
    Plane Accidents

    Air India Flight 182

    Near Watervill, Ireland
    Sunday Jun 23, 1985

    Air India Flight 182, a Boeing 747-237B, crashed off the southwest coast of Ireland on June 23, 1985, when a bomb exploded in the cargo hold. All 307 passengers and 22 crew members died. One passenger had checked in as "M. Singh". Singh did not board the flight. His suitcase containing the bomb was loaded onto the plane, however. "Mr. Singh" was never identified or captured. It was later determined Sikh extremists were behind the bombing as a retaliation for the Indian government's attack on the Golden Temple in the city of Amritsar, which is very important for the Sikhs. This was, at the time, the deadliest terrorist attack involving an airplane.


  • Ireland
    Sunday Mar 17, 1996
    St. Patrick's Day

    St Patrick's Festival

    Ireland
    Sunday Mar 17, 1996

    The first St Patrick's Festival was held on 17 March 1996. In 1997, it became a three-day event, and by 2000 it was a four-day event. By 2006, the festival was five days long; more than 675,000 people attended the 2009 parade. Overall 2009's five-day festival saw almost 1 million visitors, who took part in festivities that included concerts, outdoor theatre performances, and fireworks. The Skyfest which ran from 2006 to 2012 formed the centerpiece of the St Patrick's festival.


  • Ireland
    Saturday Mar 17, 2001
    St. Patrick's Day

    First canceling

    Ireland
    Saturday Mar 17, 2001

    On two occasions, parades across the Republic of Ireland have been canceled from taking place on St Patrick´s Day, with both years involving health and safety reasons. In 2001, as a precaution to the foot-and-mouth outbreak, St Patrick´s Day celebrations were postponed to May


  • Dublin, Ireland
    Thursday Mar 20, 2008
    Queen Elizabeth II

    Elizabeth attended the first Maundy service

    Dublin, Ireland
    Thursday Mar 20, 2008

    On 20 March 2008, at the Church of Ireland St Patrick's Cathedral, Armagh, the Queen attended the first Maundy service held outside England and Wales.


  • Dublin, Ireland
    Monday May 10, 2010
    League of Legends

    European HQ

    Dublin, Ireland
    Monday May 10, 2010

    In Europe, Riot Games initially signed an international licensing partnership with GOA, the video games department of Orange's Content Division, and Europe's largest gaming portal. On October 13, 2009, GOA and Riot announced that they would start channeling server access for players located in Europe to GOA's dedicated servers. This partnership did not last; on May 10, 2010, Riot Games announced that they would take over the distribution and operation of the game in Europe. To do so, Riot Games established a European HQ in Dublin.


  • Cork, Ireland
    2010
    Black History Month

    Black History Month Ireland was initiated in Cork

    Cork, Ireland
    2010

    Ireland's Great Hunger Institute, at Quinnipiac University in Connecticut, notes: “Black History Month Ireland was initiated in Cork in 2010. This location seems particularly appropriate as, in the 19th century, the city was a leading center of abolition, and the male and female anti-slavery societies welcomed a number of black abolitionists to lecture there, including Charles Lenox Remond and Frederick Douglass."


  • Ireland
    May, 2011
    Queen Elizabeth II

    Elizabeth first time visited Ireland in 2011

    Ireland
    May, 2011

    Elizabeth made the first state visit to the Republic of Ireland by a British monarch in May 2011.


  • United Kingdom and Ireland
    Friday Aug 31, 2012
    Frederick Douglass

    Historical plaques were installed on buildings

    United Kingdom and Ireland
    Friday Aug 31, 2012

    In the 21st century, historical plaques were installed on buildings in Cork and Waterford, Ireland, and London to celebrate Douglass's visit: the first is on the Imperial Hotel in Cork and was unveiled on August 31, 2012; the second is on the facade of Waterford City Hall and was unveiled on October 7, 2013. It commemorates his speech there on October 9, 1845. The third plaque adorns Nell Gwynn House, South Kensington in London, where Douglass stayed with the British abolitionist George Thompson. A plaque on Gilmore Place in Edinburgh marks his stay there in 1846.


  • Dublin, Ireland
    2014
    Meghan, Duchess of Sussex

    Charity in Dublin summit

    Dublin, Ireland
    2014

    Markle was a counselor for international charity One Young World. At the 2014 summit in Dublin, she spoke on the topics of gender equality and modern-day slavery. Also in 2014, she toured Afghanistan and Spain with the United Service Organizations.


  • Ireland
    Saturday Jun 27, 2015
    Tony Hawk

    Fourth Marriage

    Ireland
    Saturday Jun 27, 2015

    Hawk married his fourth wife, Cathy Goodman, on June 27, 2015, in a ceremony in Limerick, Ireland.


  • Dublin, Ireland
    2016
    Joe Biden

    Biden has received honorary degrees from Trinity College

    Dublin, Ireland
    2016

    Biden has received honorary degrees from Trinity College (LL.D 2016).


  • Ireland
    Jan, 2017
    Facebook, Inc.

    Facebook Launched Facebook Stories

    Ireland
    Jan, 2017

    In January 2017, Facebook launched Facebook Stories for iOS and Android in Ireland. The feature, following the format of Snapchat and Instagram stories, allows users to upload photos and videos that appear above friends' and followers' News Feeds and disappear after 24 hours.


  • Ireland
    Jun, 2018
    Brexit

    Irish Taoiseach Leo Varadkar said that there had been little progress on the Irish border question

    Ireland
    Jun, 2018

    In June 2018, Irish Taoiseach Leo Varadkar said that there had been little progress on the Irish border question—on which the EU proposed a backstop, to come into effect if no overall trade deal had been reached by the end of the transition period—and that it was unlikely that there would be a solution before October, when the whole deal was to be agreed.


  • Dublin, Ireland
    Jul, 2018
    Meghan, Duchess of Sussex

    Her first trip abroad

    Dublin, Ireland
    Jul, 2018

    Her first trip abroad at the request of the British government was to Dublin, Ireland, in July 2018.


  • Ireland
    Tuesday Mar 17, 2020
    St. Patrick's Day

    Second cancelling

    Ireland
    Tuesday Mar 17, 2020

    In 2020, as a consequence of the severity of the coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak, the St Patrick´s Day Parade was canceled outright.


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