W. E. B. Du Bois
Philadelphia's black neighborhoods had a negative reputation
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.
By the 1890s, Philadelphia's black neighborhoods had a negative reputation in terms of crime, poverty, and mortality. Du Bois's book undermined the stereotypes with empirical evidence and shaped his approach to segregation and its negative impact on black lives and reputations. The results led Du Bois to realize that racial integration was the key to democratic equality in American cities.