The Self-Strengthening Movement
Time: 1861
Place: China
Details: Following defeat in the Second Opium War in 1860, the Qing tried to modernize by adopting certain Western technologies through the Self-Strengthening Movement from 1861.
‹ Earlier in historySouth Carolina took the lead by adopting an ordinance of secessionFriday Dec 21, 1860 Later in history ›Emancipation reform1861
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