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  • South Vietnam
    1957
    Vietnam War

    South Vietnam enjoyed its first peace in over a decade

    South Vietnam
    1957

    Between 1954 and 1957, there was large-scale but disorganized dissidence in the countryside, which the Diệm government succeeded in quelling. In early 1957, South Vietnam enjoyed its first peace in over a decade.




  • Giza, Egypt
    1957
    Magdi Yacoub

    Graduation

    Giza, Egypt
    1957

    He studied at Cairo University and qualified as a doctor with a Bachelor of Medicine, degree in 1957.




  • Marín, Pontevedra, Spain
    1957
    Juan Carlos I

    Joining The Naval School

    Marín, Pontevedra, Spain
    1957

    In 1957, Juan Carlos spent a year in the naval school at Marín, Pontevedra, and another in the Air Force school in San Javier in Murcia.




  • Algeria
    1957
    Algerian War

    Support for the FLN weakened

    Algeria
    1957

    During 1957, support for the FLN weakened as the breach between the internals and externals widened. To halt the drift, the FLN expanded its executive committee to include Abbas, as well as imprisoned political leaders such as Ben Bella. It also convinced communist and Arab members of the United Nations (UN) to put diplomatic pressure on the French government to negotiate a cease-fire.




  • Tokyo, Japan
    1957
    Akio Morita

    Producing a pocket-Sized Radio

    Tokyo, Japan
    1957

    In 1957, it produced a pocket-sized radio (the first to be fully transistorized).




  • Dhaka University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
    1957
    Muhammad Yunus

    Graduation

    Dhaka University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
    1957

    In 1957, he enrolled in the Department of Economics at Dhaka University and completed his BA in 1960 and MA in 1961.




  • Cyprus
    Jan, 1957
    Cypriot intercommunal violence

    Grivas (leader of EOKA) changed his policy as his forces in the mountains became increasingly pressured by the British forces

    Cyprus
    Jan, 1957

    In January 1957, Grivas (leader of EOKA) changed his policy as his forces in the mountains became increasingly pressured by the British forces. In order to divert the attention of the British forces, EOKA members started to target Turkish Cypriot policemen intentionally in the towns, so that Turkish Cypriots would riot against the Greek Cypriots and the security forces would have to be diverted to the towns to restore order.


  • Budapest, Hungary
    Jan, 1957
    Hungarian Revolution of 1956

    Representatives of The Soviet Union, Bulgaria, Hungary, and Romania met to Review Internal Developments in Hungary

    Budapest, Hungary
    Jan, 1957

    In January 1957, representatives of the Soviet Union, Bulgaria, Hungary, and Romania met in Budapest to review internal developments in Hungary since the establishment of the Soviet-imposed government. A communiqué on the meeting "unanimously concluded" that Hungarian workers, with the leadership of the Kádár government and support of the Soviet army, defeated attempts "to eliminate the socialist achievements of the Hungarian people".


  • Algeria
    1957
    Algerian War

    General Raoul Salan commanding the French Army in Algeria

    Algeria
    1957

    Late in 1957, General Raoul Salan, commanding the French Army in Algeria, instituted a system of quadrillage (surveillance using a grid pattern), dividing the country into sectors, each permanently garrisoned by troops responsible for suppressing rebel operations in their assigned territory. Salan's methods sharply reduced the instances of FLN terrorism but tied down a large number of troops in static defense. Salan also constructed a heavily patrolled system of barriers to limit infiltration from Tunisia and Morocco.


  • Mexico City, Mexico
    1957
    Carlos Slim

    200 Pesos

    Mexico City, Mexico
    1957

    At the age of 17, Slim earned 200 pesos a week working for his father's company.


  • Hampton, Virginia, U.S.
    1957
    Rosa Parks

    Raymond and Rosa Parks left Montgomery for Hampton

    Hampton, Virginia, U.S.
    1957

    In 1957, Raymond and Rosa Parks left Montgomery for Hampton, Virginia; mostly because she was unable to find work. She also disagreed with King and other leaders of Montgomery's struggling civil rights movement about how to proceed, and was constantly receiving death threats.


  • Detroit, Michigan, U.S.
    1957
    Rosa Parks

    Moving north to Detroit

    Detroit, Michigan, U.S.
    1957

    At the urging of her brother and sister-in-law in Detroit, Sylvester and Daisy McCauley, Rosa and Raymond Parks and her mother moved north to join them. The City of Detroit attempted to cultivate a progressive reputation, but Parks encountered numerous signs of discrimination against African-Americans.


  • Chicago, Illinois, United States
    1957
    Ted Kaczynski

    Kaczynski graduated from summer school

    Chicago, Illinois, United States
    1957

    Kaczynski skipped the eleventh grade, and by attending summer school he graduated at age 15. Kaczynski was one of his school's five National Merit finalists and was encouraged to apply to Harvard.


  • Maryland, U.S.
    1957
    Computer animation

    The first digital Image

    Maryland, U.S.
    1957

    In 1957, computer pioneer Russell Kirsch and his team unveiled a drum scanner for SEAC, to "trace variations of intensity over the surfaces of photographs", and so doing made the first digital image by scanning a photograph. The image, picturing Kirsch's three-month-old son, consisted of just 176×176 pixels. They used the computer to extract line drawings, count objects, recognize types of characters, and display digital images on an oscilloscope screen.


  • Algeria
    Monday Jan 7, 1957
    Algerian War

    Lacoste summoned General Salan and General Massu

    Algeria
    Monday Jan 7, 1957

    On 7 January 1957, Governor-General Robert Lacoste summoned General Salan and General Massu commander of the 10th Parachute Division (10e DP) and explained that, as the Algiers police force was incapable of dealing with the FLN and controlling the Pied-noirs, Massu was to be granted full responsibility for the maintenance of order in Algiers.


  • Atlanta, Georgia, U.S.
    Thursday Jan 10, 1957
    Martin Luther King

    SCLC

    Atlanta, Georgia, U.S.
    Thursday Jan 10, 1957

    In 1957, King, Ralph Abernathy, Fred Shuttlesworth, Joseph Lowery, and other civil rights activists founded the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC). The group was created to harness the moral authority and organizing power of black churches to conduct nonviolent protests in the service of civil rights reform. The group was inspired by the crusades of evangelist Billy Graham, who befriended King after he attended a 1957 Graham crusade in New York City.


  • Kazakhstan, U.S.S.R. (Present-Day Kazakhstan)
    1957
    Dwight D. Eisenhower

    Sputnik 1

    Kazakhstan, U.S.S.R. (Present-Day Kazakhstan)
    1957

    On the whole, Eisenhower's support of the nation's fledgling space program was officially modest until the Soviet launch of Sputnik in 1957, gaining the Cold War enemy enormous prestige around the world. He then launched a national campaign that funded not just space exploration but a major strengthening of science and higher education. The Eisenhower administration determined to adopt a non-aggressive policy that would allow "space-crafts of any state to overfly all states, a region free of military posturing and launch Earth satellites to explore space". His Open Skies Policy attempted to legitimize illegal Lockheed U-2 flyovers and Project Genetrix while paving the way for spy satellite technology to orbit over sovereign territory, however, Nikolai Bulganin and Nikita Khrushchev declined Eisenhower's proposal at the Geneva conference in July 1955.


  • U.S.
    Jan, 1957
    Dwight D. Eisenhower

    Eisenhower and the CIA had known that Russia had the capability to launch a small payload into orbit and was likely to do so within a year

    U.S.
    Jan, 1957

    Eisenhower and the CIA had known since at least January 1957, nine months before Sputnik, that Russia had the capability to launch a small payload into orbit and was likely to do so within a year. He may also privately have welcomed the Soviet satellite for its legal implications: By launching a satellite, the Soviet Union had in effect acknowledged that space was open to anyone who could access it, without needing permission from other nations.


  • Arkansas, U.S.
    1957
    Dwight D. Eisenhower

    State of Arkansas refused to honor a federal court order to integrate their public school system stemming from the Brown decision

    Arkansas, U.S.
    1957

    In 1957 the state of Arkansas refused to honor a federal court order to integrate their public school system stemming from the Brown decision. Eisenhower demanded that Arkansas governor Orval Faubus obey the court order. When Faubus balked, the president placed the Arkansas National Guard under federal control and sent in the 101st Airborne Division. They escorted and protected nine black students' entry to Little Rock Central High School, an all-white public school, marking the first time since the Reconstruction Era the federal government had used federal troops in the South to enforce the U. S. Constitution. Martin Luther King Jr. wrote to Eisenhower to thank him for his actions, writing "The overwhelming majority of southerners, Negro and white, stand firmly behind your resolute action to restore law and order in Little Rock".


  • Tonopah, Nevada, U.S.
    Saturday Jan 12, 1957
    Howard Hughes: The Aviator

    Marriage to Jean Peters

    Tonopah, Nevada, U.S.
    Saturday Jan 12, 1957

    On January 12, 1957, Hughes married actress Jean Peters at a small hotel in Tonopah, Nevada. The couple met in the 1940s before Peters became a film actress. They had a highly publicized romance in 1947 and there was the talk of marriage, but she said she could not combine it with her career. Some later claimed that Peters was "the only woman Hughes ever loved," and he reportedly had his security officers follow her everywhere even when they were not in a relationship. Such reports were confirmed by actor Max Showalter, who became a close friend of Peters while shooting Niagara 1953. Showalter told in an interview that because he frequently met with Peters, Hughes' men threatened to ruin his career if he did not leave her alone.


  • Cyprus
    Saturday Jan 19, 1957
    Cypriot intercommunal violence

    The killing of a Turkish Cypriot policeman

    Cyprus
    Saturday Jan 19, 1957

    The killing of a Turkish Cypriot policeman on 19 January, when a power station was bombed, and the injury of three others, provoked three days of intercommunal violence in Nicosia. The two communities targeted each other in reprisals, at least one Greek Cypriot was killed and the army was deployed in the streets.


  • Algeria
    Saturday Jan 26, 1957
    Algerian War

    Female FLN operatives again planted bombs

    Algeria
    Saturday Jan 26, 1957

    On the afternoon of Saturday 26 January, female FLN operatives again planted bombs in European Algiers, the targets were the Otomatic on Rue Michelet, the Cafeteria and the Coq-Hardi brasserie. The explosions killed 4 and wounded 50 and a Muslim was killed by Pied-Noirs in retaliation.


  • Algiers, Algeria
    Monday Jan 28, 1957
    Algerian War

    The FLN called an 8-day general strike

    Algiers, Algeria
    Monday Jan 28, 1957

    In late January the FLN called an 8-day general strike across Algeria commencing on Monday 28 January. The strike appeared to be a success with most Muslim shops remaining shuttered, workers failed to turn up and children didn't attend school. However Massu soon deployed his troops and used armored cars to pull the steel shutters off shops while army trucks rounded up workers and schoolchildren and forced them to attend their jobs and studies. Within a few days the strike had been broken.


  • Algiers, Algeria
    Feb, 1957
    Algerian War

    The bombings however continued

    Algiers, Algeria
    Feb, 1957

    The bombings however continued and in mid-February female FLN operatives planted bombs at the Municipal Stadium and the El-Biar Stadium in Algiers killing 10 and injuring 45. After visiting Algiers, a clearly shocked defense minister Maurice Bourgès-Maunoury told General Massu after the bombings: "We must finish these people off!".


  • Washington D.C., U.S.
    Feb, 1957
    John Forbes Nash Jr.: A Beautiful Mind

    Marriage

    Washington D.C., U.S.
    Feb, 1957

    Not long after breaking up with Stier, Nash met Alicia Lardé Lopez-Harrison, a naturalized U.S. citizen from El Salvador. Lardé graduated from MIT, having majored in physics. They married in February 1957; although Nash was an atheist, the ceremony was performed in an Episcopal church. They had a son together, John Charles Martin Nash, who earned a Ph.D. in Mathematics from Rutgers University.


  • Canada
    1957
    Thanksgiving

    Second Monday of October

    Canada
    1957

    However, when World War I ended, the Armistice Day holiday was usually held during the same week (of Thanksgiving then). To prevent the two holidays from clashing with one another, in 1957 the Canadian Parliament proclaimed Thanksgiving to be observed on its present date on the second Monday of October.


  • Algeria
    Saturday Feb 9, 1957
    Algerian War

    2e RCP arrested a prominent young lawyer and FLN sympathiser Ali Boumendjel

    Algeria
    Saturday Feb 9, 1957

    On 9 February, paratroopers of the 2nd Parachute Chasseur Regiment (2e RCP) arrested a prominent young lawyer and FLN sympathiser Ali Boumendjel. After attempting suicide Boumendjel volunteered everything he knew, including his involvement in the murder of a European family.


  • U.S.
    Wednesday Feb 13, 1957
    Audrey Hepburn

    Funny Face

    U.S.
    Wednesday Feb 13, 1957

    Hepburn exhibited her dancing abilities in her debut musical film, Funny Face (1957), wherein Fred Astaire, a fashion photographer, discovers a beatnik bookstore clerk (Hepburn) who, lured by a free trip to Paris, becomes a beautiful model.


  • Algeria
    Tuesday Feb 19, 1957
    Algerian War

    the 3e RPC raided the bomb factory finding 87 bombs, 70 kg of explosives

    Algeria
    Tuesday Feb 19, 1957

    While females had not previously been searched in Algiers; following the Coq Hardi explosion one of the waiters identified the bomber as a woman. Accordingly, female suspects were subsequently searched by metal detectors or physically, limiting the ability of the FLN to continue the bombing campaign from the Casbah. In February Bigeard's troops captured Yacef's bomb transporter, who under extreme interrogation gave the address of the bomb factory at 5 Impasse de la Grenade. On 19 February the 3e RPC raided the bomb factory finding 87 bombs, 70 kg of explosives, detonators and other material, Yacef's bomb-making organisation within the Casbah had been destroyed.


  • London, England, United Kingdom
    Friday Feb 22, 1957
    Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh

    Queen granted her husband the style and title of a Prince of the United Kingdom by Letters Patent

    London, England, United Kingdom
    Friday Feb 22, 1957

    Further press reports claimed that the Queen and the Duke were drifting apart, which enraged the Duke and dismayed the Queen, who issued a strongly worded denial. On 22 February 1957, the Queen granted her husband the style and title of a Prince of the United Kingdom by Letters Patent, and it was gazetted that he was to be known as "His Royal Highness Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh".


  • Algeria
    Monday Feb 25, 1957
    Algerian War

    Colonel Trinqier's intelligence sources located Ben M'hidi who was captured

    Algeria
    Monday Feb 25, 1957

    On 25 February Colonel Trinqier's intelligence sources located Ben M'hidi who was captured in his pyjamas by Paras at Rue Claude-Debussy.


  • Liverpool, England
    Mar, 1957
    The Beatles

    The Quarrymen Band

    Liverpool, England
    Mar, 1957

    In March 1957, John Lennon, then aged sixteen, formed a skiffle group with several friends from Quarry Bank High School in Liverpool. They briefly called themselves the Blackjacks, before changing their name to the Quarrymen after discovering that a respected local group was already using the other name. Fifteen-year-old Paul McCartney joined them as a rhythm guitarist shortly after he and Lennon met that July.


  • Algeria
    Mar, 1957
    Algerian War

    The FLN organisation within Algiers had been completely broken

    Algeria
    Mar, 1957

    By late March 1957 the FLN organisation within Algiers had been completely broken, with most of the FLN leadership killed or underground and no bombs went off in Algiers. The 10e DP were withdrawn from the city and redeployed to engage the FLN in the Kabylia. However Yacef set about rebuilding his organisation within Algiers.


  • Algeria
    Wednesday Mar 6, 1957
    Algerian War

    It was announced that Ben M'hidi had committed suicide by hanging himself with his shirt

    Algeria
    Wednesday Mar 6, 1957

    On 6 March it was announced that Ben M'hidi had committed suicide by hanging himself with his shirt.


  • Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
    Sunday Mar 10, 1957
    Bin Laden

    Birth

    Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
    Sunday Mar 10, 1957

    Osama bin Mohammed bin Awad bin Laden was born in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.


  • Qanat-e Malek, Kerman Province, Iran
    Monday Mar 11, 1957
    Qasem Soleimani

    Birth

    Qanat-e Malek, Kerman Province, Iran
    Monday Mar 11, 1957

    Soleimani was born on 11 March 1957, in the village of Qanat-e Malek, Kerman Province.


  • U.S.
    1957
    Father's Day

    Margaret Chase Smith wrote a Father's Day proposal

    U.S.
    1957

    In 1957, Maine senator Margaret Chase Smith wrote a Father's Day proposal accusing Congress of ignoring fathers for 40 years while honoring mothers, thus "[singling] out just one of our two parents".


  • Algeria
    Saturday Mar 23, 1957
    Algerian War

    A meeting between Massu, Trinquier, Fossy-Francois and Aussaresses

    Algeria
    Saturday Mar 23, 1957

    On 23 March following a meeting between Massu, Trinquier, Fossy-Francois and Aussaresses to discuss what was to be done with Ali Boumendjel, Aussaresses went to the prison where Boumendjel was being held and ordered that he be transferred to another building, in the process he was thrown from a 6th floor skybridge to his death.


  • Rwanda
    Sunday Mar 24, 1957
    Rwandan genocide

    Bahutu Manifesto

    Rwanda
    Sunday Mar 24, 1957

    In 1957, a group of Hutu scholars wrote the "Bahutu Manifesto". This was the first document to label the Tutsi and Hutu as separate races, and called for the transfer of power from Tutsi to Hutu based on what it termed "statistical law".


  • United Kingdom
    Monday Apr 8, 1957
    James Bond

    From Russia, with Love was published

    United Kingdom
    Monday Apr 8, 1957

    From Russia, with Love novel was published.


  • New York, U.S.
    Friday Apr 26, 1957
    Malcolm X

    Hinton Johnson incident

    New York, U.S.
    Friday Apr 26, 1957

    A Nation of Islam member, was beaten by two New York City police officers. On April 26, Johnson and two other passersby‍—‌also Nation of Islam members‍—‌saw the officers beating an African-American man with nightsticks. When they attempted to intervene, shouting, "You're not in Alabama ... this is New York!" one of the officers turned on Johnson, beating him so severely that he suffered brain contusions and subdural hemorrhaging. All four African-American men were arrested. Alerted by a witness, Malcolm X and a small group of Muslims went to the police station and demanded to see Johnson. Police initially denied that any Muslims were being held, but when the crowd grew to about five hundred, they allowed Malcolm X to speak with Johnson. Afterward, Malcolm X insisted on arranging for an ambulance to take Johnson to Harlem Hospital.


  • New York City, New York, U.S.
    Apr, 1957
    Fido (dog)

    Time magazine wrote an article about Fido

    New York City, New York, U.S.
    Apr, 1957

    Time magazine wrote an article about Fido in April 1957.


  • U.S.
    May, 1957
    Vietnam War

    Diệm undertook a ten-day state visit to the United States

    U.S.
    May, 1957

    In May 1957, Diệm undertook a ten-day state visit to the United States. President Eisenhower pledged his continued support, and a parade was held in Diệm's honor in New York City. Although Diệm was publicly praised, Secretary of State John Foster Dulles conceded in private that Diệm had been selected because there were no better alternatives.


  • Algeria
    May, 1957
    Algerian War

    Two paratroopers were shot in the street by the FLN

    Algeria
    May, 1957

    In early May two paratroopers were shot in the street by the FLN, their comrades led by one of Trinquier's informers attacked a bath-house which was believed to be an FLN hideout, killing almost 80 Muslims.


  • New York, U.S.
    Thursday May 2, 1957
    Lucky Luciano

    Costello's Assassination Attempt

    New York, U.S.
    Thursday May 2, 1957

    By 1957, Genovese felt strong enough to move against Luciano and his acting boss, Costello. He was aided in this move by Anastasia family underboss Carlo Gambino. On May 2, 1957, following Genovese's orders, Vincent "Chin" Gigante ambushed Costello in the lobby of his Central Park apartment building, The Majestic. Gigante called out, "This is for you, Frank," and as Costello turned, shot him in the head. After firing his weapon, Gigante quickly left, thinking he had killed Costello. However, the bullet had just grazed Costello's head and he was not seriously injured. Although Costello refused to cooperate with the police, Gigante was arrested for attempted murder. Gigante was acquitted at trial, thanking Costello in the courtroom after the verdict. Costello was allowed to retire after conceding control of what is called today the Genovese crime family to Genovese. Luciano was powerless to stop it.


  • Washington D.C., U.S.
    May, 1957
    Dwight D. Eisenhower

    President of South Vietnam made a state visit to the United States for ten days

    Washington D.C., U.S.
    May, 1957

    In the years that followed, Eisenhower increased the number of U.S. military advisors in South Vietnam to 900 men. This was due to North Vietnam's support of "uprisings" in the south and concern the nation would fall. In May 1957 Diem, then President of South Vietnam made a state visit to the United States for ten days. President Eisenhower pledged his continued support, and a parade was held in Diem's honor in New York City. Although Diem was publicly praised, in private Secretary of State John Foster Dulles conceded that Diem had been selected because there were no better alternatives.


  • U.S.
    Thursday May 16, 1957
    Nuclear Power

    USS Skate (SSN-578)

    U.S.
    Thursday May 16, 1957

    USS Skate (SSN-578), the third submarine of the United States Navy named for the skate, a type of ray, was the lead ship of the Skate class of nuclear submarines. She was the third nuclear submarine commissioned, the first to make a completely submerged trans-Atlantic crossing, and the second submarine to reach the North Pole and the first to surface there.


  • Albuquerque, New Mexico, U.S.
    Wednesday May 22, 1957
    Atomic Bomb

    Mark-17 accident

    Albuquerque, New Mexico, U.S.
    Wednesday May 22, 1957

    May 22, 1957: a 42,000-pound (19,000 kg) Mark-17 hydrogen bomb accidentally fell from a bomber near Albuquerque, New Mexico. The detonation of the device's conventional explosives destroyed it on impact and formed a crater 25 feet (7.6 m) in diameter on land owned by the University of New Mexico. According to a researcher at the Natural Resources Defense Council, it was one of the most powerful bombs made to date.


  • Algeria
    Saturday Jun 1, 1957
    Algerian War

    Maurice Audin a Communist university professor was arrested

    Algeria
    Saturday Jun 1, 1957

    The use of torture was not restricted to Muslims, French FLN sympathisers were also picked up and subjected to it. Maurice Audin a Communist university professor was arrested by the paras on 11 June on suspicion of harboring and aiding FLN operatives, Henri Alleg the Communist editor of Alger républicain was arrested by the Paras at Audin's apartment the following day and was told by Audin that he had been tortured, Audin was never seen again and it is believed that he either died while being interrogated or was summarily executed.


  • Algiers, Algeria
    Monday Jun 3, 1957
    Algerian War

    Yacef's forces planted bombs in street lamps at bus stops in the centre of Algiers

    Algiers, Algeria
    Monday Jun 3, 1957

    On 3 June Yacef's forces planted bombs in street lamps at bus stops in the centre of Algiers, the explosions killed eight and wounded 90, a mix of French and Muslims., the explosions killed eight and wounded 90, a mix of French and Muslims.


  • Algiers, Algeria
    Sunday Jun 9, 1957
    Algerian War

    A bomb exploded at the Casino on the outskirts of Algiers killing nine and injuring 85

    Algiers, Algeria
    Sunday Jun 9, 1957

    On 9 June a bomb exploded at the Casino on the outskirts of Algiers killing nine and injuring 85. Following the burial of the dead from the casino, the Pied-Noirs started a ratonnade that resulted in five ِAlgerians dead and more than 50 injured. As a result of this upturn in violence, the 10e DP was again deployed to Algiers.


  • U.S.
    Jun, 1957
    Audrey Hepburn

    Love in the Afternoon

    U.S.
    Jun, 1957

    Hepburn starred in another romantic comedy, Love in the Afternoon (also 1957), alongside Gary Cooper and Maurice Chevalier.


  • Ghana
    1957
    W. E. B. Du Bois

    Nkrumah invited Du Bois to Ghana

    Ghana
    1957

    Nkrumah invited Du Bois to Ghana to participate in their independence celebration in 1957, but he was unable to attend because the U.S. government had confiscated his passport in 1951.


  • Chicago, Illinois, United States
    Monday Jun 24, 1957
    Mamie Till

    Mamie married Gene Mobley

    Chicago, Illinois, United States
    Monday Jun 24, 1957

    Mamie married Gene Mobley on June 24, 1957. She became a teacher, changed her surname to Till-Mobley, and continued her life as an activist working to educate people about what happened to her son.


  • U.S.
    Jul, 1957
    Frank Sinatra

    2nd Divorce

    U.S.
    Jul, 1957

    It was a turbulent marriage with many well-publicized fights and altercations. The couple formally announced their separation on October 29, 1953, through MGM. Gardner filed for divorce in June 1954, at a time when she was dating matador Luis Miguel Dominguín, but the divorce was not settled until 1957.


  • Algeria
    Jul, 1957
    Algerian War

    Informal negotiations took place between Yacef and Germaine Tillion

    Algeria
    Jul, 1957

    In July informal negotiations took place between Yacef and Germaine Tillion to try to agree a deal whereby attacks on civilians would stop in return for the French ceasing to guillotine members of the FLN. During this period a number of FLN bombs were planted but with no civilian casualties.


  • U.S.
    1957
    Laser

    Charles Hard Townes and Arthur Leonard Schawlow began a serious study of the infrared laser

    U.S.
    1957

    In 1957, Charles Hard Townes and Arthur Leonard Schawlow, then at Bell Labs, began a serious study of the infrared laser. As ideas developed, they abandoned infrared radiation to instead concentrate upon visible light. The concept originally was called an "optical maser".


  • U.S.
    Thursday Jul 4, 1957
    Flag of the United States

    The first U.S. postage stamp to feature the flag as the sole subject

    U.S.
    Thursday Jul 4, 1957

    The first U.S. postage stamp to feature the flag as the sole subject was issued July 4, 1957, Scott catalog number 1094.


  • Maracanã, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
    Sunday Jul 7, 1957
    Pelé

    Pele's International debut

    Maracanã, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
    Sunday Jul 7, 1957

    Pelé's first international match was a 2–1 defeat against Argentina on 7 July 1957 at the Maracanã.


  • Belgrade, Serbia
    1957
    Nikola Tesla

    Rest Place

    Belgrade, Serbia
    1957

    n 1952, following pressure from Tesla's nephew, Sava Kosanović, Tesla's entire estate was shipped to Belgrade in 80 trunks marked N.T. In 1957, Kosanović's secretary Charlotte Muzar transported Tesla's ashes from the United States to Belgrade. The ashes are displayed in a gold-plated sphere on a marble pedestal in the Nikola Tesla Museum.


  • Salt Lake, Utah, U.S.
    1957
    KFC

    A Trade Mark

    Salt Lake, Utah, U.S.
    1957

    Harman trademarked the phrase "It's finger lickin' good", which eventually became the company-wide slogan. And in 1957 he also introduced the bucket meal, 14 pieces of chicken, five bread rolls, and a pint of gravy in a cardboard bucket. Serving their signature meal in a paper bucket was to become an iconic feature of the company.


  • Ottawa, Canada
    1957
    KFC

    The Interview

    Ottawa, Canada
    1957

    In 1957, Colonel Harland Sanders gave an interview to CBC Radio detailing his experience with Canadian food that led to the opening of one of his restaurants in Canada.


  • Edwards Air Force Base, California, U.S.
    Thursday Aug 15, 1957
    Neil Armstrong

    His First Flight In a Rocket-Powered Aircraft

    Edwards Air Force Base, California, U.S.
    Thursday Aug 15, 1957

    His first flight in a rocket-powered aircraft was on August 15, 1957, in the Bell X-1B, to an altitude of 11.4 miles (18.3 km). On landing, the poorly designed nose landing gear failed, as had happened on about a dozen previous flights of the Bell X-1B.


  • Algeria
    Monday Aug 26, 1957
    Algerian War

    Intelligence gained by Colonel Godard's operatives

    Algeria
    Monday Aug 26, 1957

    On 26 August following intelligence gained by Colonel Godard's operatives, the 3e RPC raided a house in the Impasse Saint-Vincent where Yacef's new bomb-maker and deputy were believed to be hiding. After suffering several casualties trying to capture the two alive, both men were eventually killed.


  • U.S.
    1957
    Dwight D. Eisenhower

    Eisenhower proposed to Congress the Civil Rights Act of 1957 and of 1960

    U.S.
    1957

    Eisenhower told District of Columbia officials to make Washington a model for the rest of the country in integrating black and white public school children. He proposed to Congress the Civil Rights Act of 1957 and of 1960 and signed those acts into law. The 1957 act for the first time established a permanent civil rights office inside the Justice Department and a Civil Rights Commission to hear testimony about abuses of voting rights. Although both acts were much weaker than subsequent civil rights legislation, they constituted the first significant civil rights act since 1875.


  • New York, U.S.
    1957
    IBM

    FORTRAN

    New York, U.S.
    1957

    In 1957, IBM developed FORTRAN scientific programming language by the American computer scientist John Backus.


  • U.S.
    Wednesday Sep 18, 1957
    Nuclear Power

    The Shippingport Atomic Power Station

    U.S.
    Wednesday Sep 18, 1957

    The first commercial nuclear station to become operational in the United States was the 60 MW Shippingport Reactor (Pennsylvania), in December 1957.


  • Algeria
    Monday Sep 23, 1957
    Algerian War

    A Courier for Yacef was arrested

    Algeria
    Monday Sep 23, 1957

    On 23 September a courier for Yacef was arrested by Godard's men.


  • Algeria
    Tuesday Sep 24, 1957
    05 AM
    Algerian War

    the 1e REP commanded by Colonel Pierre Jeanpierre sealed off Rue Caton and raided Yacef's hideout

    Algeria
    Tuesday Sep 24, 1957
    05 AM

    At 5am on 24 September the 1e REP commanded by Colonel Pierre Jeanpierre sealed off Rue Caton and raided Yacef's hideout at No. 3. Yacef and Zohra Drif hid in a wall cavity, but this was soon located by the French troops. Yacef threw a grenade at the French troops but they were eager to take him alive and he and Zohra Drif eventually surrendered. Across the street at No 4, Ali La Pointe escaped the French cordon and went to another safe-house in the Casbah.


  • Wichita, Kansas, United States
    Sep, 1957
    Kroger

    Kroger sold off its Wichita, Kansas, store division

    Wichita, Kansas, United States
    Sep, 1957

    In September 1957, Kroger sold off its Wichita, Kansas, store division, then consisting of 16 stores, to J. S. Dillon and Sons Stores Company, then headed by Ray S. Dillon, son of the company founder.


  • Oslo, Norway
    Friday Sep 27, 1957
    Harald V

    The First Time to attend The Council of State

    Oslo, Norway
    Friday Sep 27, 1957

    Harald attended the Council of State for the first time on 27 September 1957 .


  • Algeria
    Tuesday Oct 8, 1957
    Algerian War

    the 1e REP surrounded Ali La Pointe's hideout at 5 Rue de s Abderames

    Algeria
    Tuesday Oct 8, 1957

    On the evening of 8 October the 1e REP surrounded Ali La Pointe's hideout at 5 Rue de s Abderames. The paratroops laid charges to blow away the false partition behind which Ali and his comrades were hiding, unfortunately the explosion detonated a store of bombs destroying the house and several neighbouring buildings, killing Ali, his two comrades and 17 other Muslims in neighbouring houses.


  • Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
    Monday Oct 14, 1957
    Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh

    Queen's Privy Council for Canada

    Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
    Monday Oct 14, 1957

    Philip was appointed to the Queen's Privy Council for Canada on 14 October 1957, taking his Oath of Allegiance before the Queen in person at her Canadian residence, Rideau Hall.


  • London, England, United Kingdom
    1957
    James Bond

    Daily Express approached Ian Fleming to adapt his stories into comic strips

    London, England, United Kingdom
    1957

    In 1957 the Daily Express approached Ian Fleming to adapt his stories into comic strips, offering him £1,500 per novel and a share of takings from syndication. After initial reluctance, Fleming, who felt the strips would lack the quality of his writing, agreed. To aid the Daily Express in illustrating Bond, Fleming commissioned an artist to create a sketch of how he believed James Bond looked. The illustrator, John McLusky, however, felt that Fleming's 007 looked too "outdated" and "pre-war" and changed Bond to give him a more masculine look.


  • Cyprus
    Tuesday Oct 22, 1957
    Cypriot intercommunal violence

    Sir Hugh Mackintosh Foot replaced Sir John Harding as the British Governor of Cyprus

    Cyprus
    Tuesday Oct 22, 1957

    On 22 October 1957 Sir Hugh Mackintosh Foot replaced Sir John Harding as the British Governor of Cyprus. Foot suggested five to seven years of self-government before any final decision. His plan rejected both enosis and taksim.


  • Apalachin, New York, U.S.
    Friday Oct 25, 1957
    Lucky Luciano

    Anastasia's assassination

    Apalachin, New York, U.S.
    Friday Oct 25, 1957

    On October 25, 1957, Genovese and Gambino successfully arranged the murder of Anastasia, another Luciano ally. The following month, Genovese called a meeting of bosses in Apalachin, New York to approve his takeover of the Luciano family and to establish his national power. Instead, the Apalachin Meeting turned into a fiasco when law enforcement raided the meeting. Over 65 high-ranking mobsters were arrested and the Mafia was subjected to publicity and numerous grand jury summons.


  • Columbia University, New York, U.S.
    Nov, 1957
    Laser

    Gordon Gould noted his ideas for a "laser"

    Columbia University, New York, U.S.
    Nov, 1957

    Simultaneously, at Columbia University, graduate student Gordon Gould was working on a doctoral thesis about the energy levels of excited thallium. When Gould and Townes met, they spoke of radiation emission, as a general subject; afterwards, in November 1957, Gould noted his ideas for a "laser", including using an open resonator (later an essential laser-device component).


  • Borgo San Lorenzo, Tuscany, Italy
    Saturday Nov 9, 1957
    Fido (dog)

    Awarded a gold medal

    Borgo San Lorenzo, Tuscany, Italy
    Saturday Nov 9, 1957

    Media interest in Fido grew during his lifetime. Italian magazines Gente and Grand Hotel published the story of the dog, which also appeared in several newsreels of the Istituto Luce. Many readers were struck by the extraordinary faithfulness of Fido, including the mayor of Borgo San Lorenzo, who, on November 9, 1957, awarded him a gold medal in the presence of many citizens including Soriani's moved widow.


  • U.S.
    1957
    New York Stock Exchange

    Becoming known as the S&P 500

    U.S.
    1957

    In 1957, after Poor's Publishing merged with the Standard Statistics Bureau, the Standard & Poors composite index grew to track 500 companies on the NYSE, becoming known as the S&P 500.


  • Apalachin, New York, U.S.
    Thursday Nov 14, 1957
    Russell Bufalino

    Powerful mafiosi convened at Barbara's estate

    Apalachin, New York, U.S.
    Thursday Nov 14, 1957

    On November 14, 1957, powerful mafiosi from the United States and Italy convened at Barbara's estate in Apalachin, New York. Cuba was one of the Apalachin topics of discussion, particularly the gambling and narcotics smuggling interests of La Cosa Nostra on the island. The international narcotics trade was also an important topic on the Apalachin agenda. The New York garment industry interests and rackets, such as loansharking to the business owners and control of garment center trucking, were other important topics on the Apalachin agenda.


  • New York. U.S.
    Nov, 1957
    Russell Bufalino

    Police found many luxury cars parked at Barbara's home

    New York. U.S.
    Nov, 1957

    In the time preceding the November 1957 meeting, trooper Croswell had Barbara's house under occasional surveillance. He had become aware that Barbara's son was reserving rooms in local hotels along with the delivery of a large quantity of meat from a local butcher to the Barbara home. That made Croswell suspicious, and he therefore decided to keep an eye on Barbara's house. When the state police found many luxury cars parked at Barbara's home they began taking down license plate numbers. Having found that many of these cars were registered to known criminals, state police reinforcements came to the scene and began to set up a roadblock.


  • New York, U.S.
    Nov, 1957
    Russell Bufalino

    Escaping

    New York, U.S.
    Nov, 1957

    Having barely started their meeting, Bartolo Guccia, a Castellammare del Golfo native and Barbara employee, spotted a police roadblock while leaving Barbara's estate. Guccia later said he was returning to the Barbara home to check on a fish order. Some attendees attempted to drive away but were stopped by the roadblock. Others trudged through the fields and woods ruining their expensive suits before they were caught. Many Mafiosi escaped through the woods surrounding the Barbara estate.


  • U.S.
    Monday Nov 25, 1957
    Dwight D. Eisenhower

    Mild stroke

    U.S.
    Monday Nov 25, 1957

    As a consequence of his heart attack, Eisenhower developed a left ventricular aneurysm, which was, in turn, the cause of a mild stroke on November 25, 1957.


  • London, U.K.
    1957
    April Fools' Day

    Pranks (U.K.)

    London, U.K.
    1957

    In one famous prank in 1957, the BBC broadcast a film in their Panorama current affairs series purporting to show Swiss farmers picking freshly-grown spaghetti, in what they called the Swiss Spaghetti Harvest.


  • East Germany, Germany
    Wednesday Dec 11, 1957
    Berlin Wall

    New Passport

    East Germany, Germany
    Wednesday Dec 11, 1957

    On 11 December 1957, East Germany introduced a new passport law that reduced the overall number of refugees leaving Eastern Germany.


  • Miami Beach, Florida, U.S.
    1957
    Jimmy Hoffa

    Teamsters Union Presidency

    Miami Beach, Florida, U.S.
    1957

    Hoffa took over the presidency of the Teamsters in 1957, at the convention in Miami Beach, Florida.


  • Washington D.C., U.S.
    1957
    Jimmy Hoffa

    Major Criminal Investigations

    Washington D.C., U.S.
    1957

    Hoffa had first faced major criminal investigations in 1957, as a result of the McClellan Senate hearings. He avoided conviction for several years.


  • Atlantic City, New Jersey, U.S.
    1957
    Jimmy Hoffa

    The 1957 AFL–CIO Convention

    Atlantic City, New Jersey, U.S.
    1957

    The 1957 AFL–CIO convention, held in Atlantic City, New Jersey, voted by a ratio of nearly five to one to expel the IBT from the larger union group. Vice-President Walter Reuther led the fight to oust the IBT on charges of Hoffa's corrupt leadership.


  • Buffalo, New York, U.S.
    1957
    Russell Bufalino

    A National Cosa Nostra meeting

    Buffalo, New York, U.S.
    1957

    In 1957, after taking control of the Luciano crime family from boss Frank Costello, boss Vito Genovese wanted to legitimize his new power by holding a national Cosa Nostra meeting. Genovese elected Buffalo, New York boss and Commission member, Stefano "The Undertaker" Magaddino, who in turn chose northeastern Pennsylvania crime boss Joseph Barbara and Bufalino to oversee all the arrangements.


  • Borgo San Lorenzo, Tuscany, Italy
    1957
    Fido (dog)

    TO FIDO, EXAMPLE OF LOYALTY

    Borgo San Lorenzo, Tuscany, Italy
    1957

    At the end of 1957, when Fido was still alive, the Comune of Borgo San Lorenzo commissioned the sculptor Salvatore Cipolla to create a monument of the dog as a testimony of that exemplary story of love and fidelity. The work, entitled "Monument to the dog Fido", was placed in Piazza Dante in Borgo San Lorenzo, next to the municipal palace. Under the statue depicting the dog is the dedication: A FIDO, ESEMPIO DI FEDELTÀ (TO FIDO, EXAMPLE OF LOYALTY). The monument was inaugurated by the mayor of Borgo San Lorenzo, in presence of Fido and Soriani's widow. Originally, the statue was realized in majolica, but a few months after the inauguration some vandals destroyed it. Consequently, the mayor of Borgo San Lorenzo commissioned to Salvatore Cipolla a new statue, this time in bronze, which replaced the first one and that is still today in Piazza Dante.


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