David Cameron - The Leader of the Conservative Party and Leader of the Opposition
Time: Tuesday Dec 6, 2005
Place: London, England
Details: The next stage of the election process, between Davis and Cameron, was a vote open to the entire party membership. Cameron was elected with more than twice as many votes as Davis and more than half of all ballots issued; Cameron won 134,446 votes on a 78% turnout, to Davis's 64,398. Although Davis had initially been the favourite, it was widely acknowledged that his candidacy was marred by a disappointing conference speech.Cameron's election as the Leader of the Conservative Party and Leader of the Opposition was announced on 6 December 2005.
Related
Near
Mona Lisa-Isleworth Mona Lisa
1778 - Isleworth, London, England, United Kingdom
David Cameron-Shadow minister
Jun, 2003 - London, England
Magdi Yacoub-The Order of Merit
Tuesday Dec 31, 2013 - London, England
Microprocessor-CTC Opted To Use Their Own Implementation In The Datapoint 2200
1970 - Brentford, United Kingdom
Microprocessor-The CTC 1201
1969 - Brentford, United Kingdom
David Cameron-Appling to Go On (PPCs) List
Monday Sep 6, 1993 - London, England
Jim Carrey-Carrey's return to live-action comedy
Tuesday Dec 9, 2008 - London, England
David Cameron-The First Ballot of Conservative MPs
Tuesday Oct 18, 2005 - London, England
Prince Harry-Harry's Resign
Friday Jun 19, 2015 - London, England
David Cameron-The Head of Policy co-ordination.
Jun, 2004 - England
Prince Harry-The Captain General of The Royal Marines
Tuesday Dec 19, 2017 - London, England
George Weah-Moving To Chelsea
Tuesday Jan 11, 2000 - London, England
Alan Turing-Working on The Design of The ACE
1945 - Hampton, London, England
Alan Turing-Presenting The First Detailed Design of a Stored-Program Computer
Tuesday Feb 19, 1946 - Hampton, London, England
Alan Turing-Turing was appointed an Officer of The Order of The British Empire
1946 - London, England
Alan Turing-The Pilot ACE Executed Its First Program
Wednesday May 10, 1950 - Hampton, London, England
Computer-The First modern analog Computer
1872 - London, England
David Cameron-Special Adviser to the Chancellor
Tuesday Apr 14, 1992 - London, England
Prince Charles-Divorce
Wednesday Aug 28, 1996 - England
Michael Ballack-Moving to Chelsea
Monday May 15, 2006 - London, England
The Beatles-The First Live Global Television Link
Sunday Jun 25, 1967 - The World
Prince Harry-William and Harry set up a Charitable Foundation
Sep, 2009 - London, England
Marie Curie-Curie Avoided Public Life
1912 - England
Freddie Mercury-Graduation
1969 - St Mary's Road, Ealing, London, England, United Kingdom
The Beatles-The Last Occasion on which all Four Beatles Were Together
Wednesday Aug 20, 1969 - England
Dwight D. Eisenhower-Eisenhower was also appointed Supreme Commander Allied Expeditionary Force of the North African Theater of Operations (NATOUSA)
Nov, 1942 - United Kingdom
Freddie Mercury-Mercury and his family fled to England
1964 - Middlesex, England, United Kingdom
Lula da Silva-G-20 summit
2009 - London, England
Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi-Travelling to London
Tuesday Sep 4, 1888 - London, England
John Maynard Keynes-Rewarded for his service with a hereditary peerage
Jun, 1942 - England
Alan Turing-Writing directly to Winston Churchill
Tuesday Oct 28, 1941 - London, England
Edward VIII-Birth
Saturday Jun 23, 1894 - White Lodge, Richmond Park, London, England, United Kingdom
Edward VIII-Baptised
Sunday Jul 15, 1894 - Green Drawing Room of White Lodge, London, England, United Kingdom
David Cameron-Cameron became a member of the Privy Council
Wednesday Mar 8, 2006 - London, England
Adolf Hitler-Bombing of London
Saturday Sep 7, 1940 - London, England
David Cameron-The Second Ballot of Conservative MPs
Thursday Oct 20, 2005 - London, England
Margaret Thatcher-1989 Conservative Party leadership election
Tuesday Dec 5, 1989 - London, England
Dwight D. Eisenhower-Eisenhower returned to London as Commanding General, European Theater of Operations
Tuesday Jun 23, 1942 - London, England, United Kingdom
John Montagu Birth
Sunday Nov 13, 1718 - Chiswick
Henry Fox Birth
Monday Sep 28, 1705 - Chiswick
The Beatles-Returning to the UK
Saturday Feb 22, 1964 - London, England
David Cameron-The vice-chairman of The Conservative Party
Nov, 2003 - London, England
Margaret Thatcher-Resignation
Wednesday Nov 28, 1990 - Downing Street, London, England
David Cameron-Special Adviser to the Home Secretary
Tuesday Jun 22, 1993 - London, England
David Cameron-Cameron was re-elected UK Prime Minister
Thursday May 7, 2015 - London, England
Rafael Nadal-A knee Injury
Tuesday Jun 19, 2007 - London, England
Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi-Lefting London
May, 1891 - London, England
Prince Charles-Honorary Five-star Rank In All Three Branches of The British Armed Forces
Saturday Jun 16, 2012 - London, England
Jim Carrey-Carrey portrayed multiple characters in a Disney's 3D animated Movie
Tuesday Nov 3, 2009 - London, England
Amazon-Amazon acquires Lovefilm
Sunday Jan 9, 2011 - London, England, United Kingdom
Johan Cruyff-The European Cup
Wednesday Jun 2, 1971 - London, England
The Beatles-McCartney filed a suit
Thursday Dec 31, 1970 - England
Margaret Thatcher-She became Spokesman on Housing and Land
Thursday Oct 15, 1964 - London, England
Prince William-Football Association President
Jun, 2006 - London, United Kingdom
Johan Cruyff-1992 European Cup
Wednesday May 20, 1992 - London, England
Michael Ballack-Ballack Signed a One-year Contract extension with Chelsea
Tuesday Jun 2, 2009 - London, England
The Beatles-Recording The Album "Please Please Me"
Monday Feb 11, 1963 - London, England
Magdi Yacoub-Retirement
2001 - London, England
Edward VIII-President of the organizing committee for the proposed British Empire Exhibition
1919 - Wembley Park, Middlesex, England, United Kingdom
Princess Diana-Divorce
Wednesday Aug 28, 1996 - United Kingdom
Trivial Pursuit-2006 version
2006 - United Kingdom
Alan Turing-Turing Published his Paper "On Computable Numbers, With an Application To The Entscheidungsproblem"
Monday Nov 30, 1936 - London, England
Winston Churchill-Churchill narrowly passed the entrance exam for Harrow School
Apr, 1888 - London, England, United Kingdom
Michael Ballack-The 2010 FA Cup Final
Saturday May 15, 2010 - Wembley Stadium, London, UK
Hillsborough events-1989 FA Cup Final
Saturday May 20, 1989 - Wembley Stadium, London, England, United Kingdom
Freddie Mercury-Live Aid
Saturday Jul 13, 1985 - Wembley Stadium, London, England, United Kingdom
Eminem-Eminem played two concerts in Wembley Stadium
Thursday Jul 11, 2013 - Wembley Stadium, London, England, United Kingdom
Lionel Messi-2011 UEFA Champions League
Saturday May 28, 2011 - London, England, United Kingdom
Nokia-Nokia co-founded Symbian Ltd.
1998 - London, England, United Kingdom
Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh-Philip became a patron of The Industrial Society
1952 - United Kingdom
Jim Carrey-The First BAFTA Award nomination
Saturday Feb 12, 2005 - London, United Kingdom
Margaret Thatcher-The Shadow Transport spokesman
1970 - London, England
Marie Curie-Giving a Speech on Radioactivity at The Royal Institution In London
Jun, 1903 - London, England
Charles de Gaulle-De Gaulle arrival at RAF Northolt
Tuesday Jul 4, 1944 - London, England, United Kingdom
1973 oil crisis-Series of strikes by coal miners
1973 - United Kingdom
Prince Harry-Born
Saturday Sep 15, 1984 - London, England
Richard Branson-Branson's Virgin organization was reported as bidding to buy the former "Honda Formula One" team
Feb, 2009 - United Kingdom
Richard Branson-The Virgin Earth Challenge
Friday Feb 9, 2007 - London, England, United Kingdom
Winston Churchill-Churchill underwent an operation for appendicitis
Oct, 1922 - England, United Kingdom
Michael Ballack-Chelsea FC announced that Ballack would leave Chelsea on a Free Transfer
Wednesday Jun 9, 2010 - London, UK
Henry Howard was executed in London
Sunday Jan 19, 1547 - Surrey
The Beatles-Return to the UK
Thursday Oct 31, 1963 - Heathrow Airport, London, England
Nokia-Closing Symbian Foundation
Nov, 2010 - London, England
Richard Branson-Branson sold the Virgin label to EMI
1992 - England, United Kingdom
Shimon Peres-Honorary Knighthood
Thursday Nov 20, 2008 - London, England
David Cameron-2005 leadership election
Thursday Sep 29, 2005 - London, England
Computer-The World's First Electronic Digital Programmable Computer
Dec, 1943 - London, England
Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh-President of the National Playing Fields Association
1947 - United Kingdom
Marcus Garvey-Death
Monday Jun 10, 1940 - London, England, United Kingdom
Marcus Garvey-Garvey's wife and children arrived in England
Jun, 1937 - London, England, United Kingdom
Marcus Garvey-Garvey suffered a stroke which left him largely paralyzed
Jan, 1940 - London, England, United Kingdom
Alan Turing-The Chess Program was Completed
1950 - England
Freddie Mercury-Mercury told Austin of his sexuality
Dec, 1976 - West Kensington, London, England, United Kingdom
Freddie Mercury-Mercury had a long-term relationship with Mary Austin
1970s - West Kensington, London, England, United Kingdom
Marcus Garvey-Black Man
1935 - London, England, United Kingdom
Alan Turing-Turing had been Working Part-Time With The Government Code and Cypher School
Sep, 1938 - London, England
Heysel Stadium Events-UEFA banned English clubs for "...An indeterminate period of time"
Saturday Jun 1, 1985 - England, United Kingdom
Audrey Hepburn-Hepburn accepted a ballet scholarship
1948 - London, England, United Kingdom
Margaret Thatcher-Thatcher re-elected for a second successive term
Thursday Jun 9, 1983 - London, England
Xerox-Haloid formed a joint venture in the UK with Rank Organisation whose Rank Precision Industries Ltd.
1956 - United Kingdom
On This Day - 6 December
Abraham Lincoln-Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution
Wednesday Dec 6, 1865 - U.S.
Juneteenth-Thirteenth Amendment ratified
Wednesday Dec 6, 1865 - Washington D.C., U.S.
Marie Curie-Curie gave birth to their Second Daughter
Tuesday Dec 6, 1904 - Paris, France
World War 1-Battle of Bucharest
Wednesday Dec 6, 1916 - Bucharest, Romania
Winston Churchill-Asquith resigned as Prime Minister and was succeeded by Lloyd George
Wednesday Dec 6, 1916 - London, England, United Kingdom
Irish War of Independence-Anglo-Irish Treaty
Tuesday Dec 6, 1921 - London, England, United Kingdom
Irish War of Independence-First internationally recognized head of an independent Irish government
Wednesday Dec 6, 1922 - Ireland
Winston Churchill-1923 United Kingdom general election
Thursday Dec 6, 1923 - United kingdom
Brunei revolt-Police Were Put on Full Alert
Thursday Dec 6, 1962 - Brunei
Internet-4-node network was connected
Saturday Dec 6, 1969 - U.S.
Juan Carlos I-The People ratify on The New Constitution
Wednesday Dec 6, 1978 - Spain
Robin Williams-First major performance
Saturday Dec 6, 1980 - U.S.
Iran–Iraq War-Going on the defensive
Saturday Dec 6, 1980 - Iran
Iran–Iraq War-Retaken The town of Bostan
Sunday Dec 6, 1981 - Bostan, Khuzestan Province, Iran
Robin Williams-Velardi's divorce
Tuesday Dec 6, 1988 - California, U.S.
Tony Hawk-First Child
Sunday Dec 6, 1992 - U.S.
Charles Antetokounmpo-Giannis birth (Fourth child)
Tuesday Dec 6, 1994 - Athens, Greece
Bolivarian Revolution-Winning The 1998 elections
Sunday Dec 6, 1998 - Venezuela
New York Stock Exchange-NYSE's governing board voted to merge with rival Archipelago
Tuesday Dec 6, 2005 - New York City, New York, U.S.
Eminem-Curtain Call: The Hits
Tuesday Dec 6, 2005 - U.S.
Muhammad Yunus-NORAD Published a Statement Clearing Yunus and The Bank From any Allegations of Embezzlement
Monday Dec 6, 2010 - Oslo, Norway
Oculus-Oculus Touch
Tuesday Dec 6, 2016 - California, U.S.
Donald Trump-Trump officially recognized Jerusalem as the capital of Israel
Wednesday Dec 6, 2017 - Jerusalem, Israel
Claude Fleury Birth
Thursday Dec 6, 1640 - Paris
James Elphinston Birth
Saturday Dec 6, 1721 - Edinburgh
Guillaume-Chrétien de Lamoignon Birth
Saturday Dec 6, 1721 - Paris
Orazio Tiberio Vecchi Brith
Wednesday Dec 6, 1550 - Modena
Warren Hasting Birth
Saturday Dec 6, 1732 - Churchill
6 December 2005
New York Stock Exchange-NYSE's governing board voted to merge with rival Archipelago
Tuesday Dec 6, 2005 - New York City, New York, U.S.
Eminem-Curtain Call: The Hits
Tuesday Dec 6, 2005 - U.S.
December 2005
New York Stock Exchange-NYSE's governing board voted to merge with rival Archipelago
Tuesday Dec 6, 2005 - New York City, New York, U.S.
Eminem-Curtain Call: The Hits
Tuesday Dec 6, 2005 - U.S.
Nuclear Power-The Higashidōri Nuclear Power Plant
Thursday Dec 8, 2005 - Japan
Shaquille O'Neal-O'Neal was sworn in
Thursday Dec 8, 2005 - Miami, Florida, U.S.
World Trade Organization-World Trade Organization Ministerial Conference of 2005
Tuesday Dec 13, 2005 - Hong Kong
YouTube-YouTube launched officially
Thursday Dec 15, 2005 - U.S.
Kobe Bryant-Bryant outscored the entire Mavericks team
Tuesday Dec 20, 2005 - Los Angeles, California, U.S.
Reddit-What is reddit programming language?
Dec, 2005 - San Francisco, California, United States
2005
Sony Corporation-Introducing The BRAVIA Name
2005 - Tokyo, Japan
Huawei-Signing Global Framework Agreement
2005 - Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
BMW-3 Series, 5 Series, 7 Series, X1 and X3 models sold in Egypt
2005 - Egypt
Carlos the Jackal-European Court
2005 - Paris, France
Christine Lagarde-France's Trade Minister
2005 - France
1997 Asian financial crisis-The last of the crisis measures were removed
2005 - Malaysia
1997 Asian financial crisis-Malaysia was estimated to have a $14.06 billion surplus
2005 - Malaysia
Banking Frauds and Hacks-Cardsystem solution inc.
2005 - Greater Atlanta Area, East Coast, Southern U.S.
Nike, Inc.-The Official Kit Sponsor For The Indian Cricket Team
2005 - India
Prince William-The Royal Marsden Hospital
2005 - London, England, United Kingdom
Lacoste-Bernard Lacoste became Seriously ill
2005 - Troyes, France
Armenian Genocide-The International Association of Genocide Scholars affirmed that scholarly evidence
2005 - Turkey
John Forbes Nash Jr.: A Beautiful Mind-Warwick Economics Summit
2005 - Warwick, England
Adidas-Adidas Introduced The Adidas 1
2005 - Herzogenaurach, Germany
Google LLC-The Washington Post Report about The Profit Increase
2005 - Washington, D.C., U.S.
World Bank-Reduce Child Mortality
2005 - Washington D.C., U.S.
World Bank-Achieve Universal Primary Education
2005 - Washington D.C., U.S.
DC Comics-All-Star
2005 - U.S.
Sofia Kenin-Young success
2005 - Florida, U.S.
Banking Frauds and Hacks-CitiFinancial
2005 - Baltimore, Maryland, U.S.
Nike, Inc.-Nike's World Headquarters Problem
2005 - Washington County, Oregon, U.S. (Near Beaverton, Oregon)
iOS-The creation
2005 - Cupertino, California, U.S.
Microprocessor-The First Monolithic Multi-Core Processor In The Personal Computer Market
2005 - California, U.S.
Facebook, Inc.-The Company Dropped "The" From Its Name
2005 - Palo Alto, California, U.S.
Jacinda Ardern-Working at a soup kitchen
2005 - New York, U.S.
Barack Obama-A Senator
Monday Jan 3, 2005 - U.S.
Abu Mahdi al-Muhandis-Elected to Iraqi Perliament
2005 - Babil Governorate, Iraq
YouTube-Hurley and Chen developed the idea for YouTube
2005 - San Francisco, California, U.S.
George W. Bush-A President of the U.S. for Second Time
Thursday Jan 20, 2005 - Washington D.C, U.S.
Donald Trump-Trump married Melania Knauss
Saturday Jan 22, 2005 - Palm beach, Florida, U.S.
Second Chechen War-Chechen separatist president issued a call for a ceasefire
Wednesday Feb 2, 2005 - Chechnya, Russia
Amazon-Amazon launches Amazon Prime
Feb, 2005 - U.S.
Jim Carrey-The First BAFTA Award nomination
Saturday Feb 12, 2005 - London, United Kingdom
YouTube-YouTube was founded
Monday Feb 14, 2005 - San Mateo, California, United States
Murder of Gabriel Fernandez by Pearl Fernandez, and her boyfriend, Isauro Aguirre-Birth
Sunday Feb 20, 2005 - Los Angeles, California, U.S.
Shaquille O'Neal-O'Neal was given an honorary U.S. Deputy Marshal title
Mar, 2005 - Los Angeles, California, U.S.
Diego Maradona-Gastric bypass surgery
Sunday Mar 6, 2005 - Cartagena de Indias, Colombia
Second Chechen War-Maskhadov was killed in an operation by Russian security forces
Tuesday Mar 8, 2005 - Grozny, Chechnya, Russia
Garry Kasparov-Retirement
Thursday Mar 10, 2005 - Russia
LeBron James-Cleveland's new single game
Sunday Mar 20, 2005 - Cleveland, Ohio, U.S.
Ruby Bridges-Hurricane Katrina 2005
2005 - New Orleans, Louisiana, U.S.
Nokia-Nokia partnered with Carl Zeiss AG
Apr, 2005 - Oberkochen, Germany
Ebola Most Major Outbreaks-The 2005 Republic of the Congo outbreak
Apr, 2005 - Etoumbi, Republic of the Congo
Best Buy-Best Buy began eliminating mail-in rebates in response to negative customer reactions against them
Apr, 2005 - U.S.
Pope John Paul II-Death
Saturday Apr 2, 2005 at 03:30:00 PM - Vatican City, Italy
Silvio Berlusconi-Loss in 2005 regional elections
Sunday Apr 3, 2005 - Italy
Shaquille O'Neal-O'Neal had a 2005 reality series on ESPN, Shaquille
2005 - U.S.
Shaquille O'Neal-Online MBA degree
2005 - Phoenix, Arizona, U.S.
Mona Lisa-Salle des États
Wednesday Apr 6, 2005 - Paris, France
Prince Charles-2nd Marriage
Saturday Apr 9, 2005 - Windsor Guildhall, High Street, Windsor, England
Garry Kasparov-A Promotional event
Sunday Apr 10, 2005 - Moscow, Russia
Hot Dog-US-based National Hot Dog & Sausage Council found mustard to be the most popular
2005 - U.S.
Richard Jewell-Jewell Was Exonerated Completely
Wednesday Apr 13, 2005 - U.S.
Bart Millard-Best Male Vocalist
2005 - Illinois, U.S.
Silvio Berlusconi-Dissolution of the government
Wednesday Apr 20, 2005 - Italy
New York Stock Exchange-NYSE announced its plans to merge with Archipelago in a deal intended to reorganize the NYSE as a publicly-traded company
Thursday Apr 21, 2005 - New York City, New York, U.S.
Silvio Berlusconi-New government
Saturday Apr 23, 2005 - Italy
YouTube-First YouTube video
Saturday Apr 23, 2005 - Balboa Park, San Diego, California, U.S.
MacOS-First Intel Macs
Friday Apr 29, 2005 - Cupertino, California, U.S.
Recep Tayyip Erdoğan-Erdoğan's visit to Israel
Sunday May 1, 2005 - Israel
IBM-Lenovo
Sunday May 1, 2005 - Hong Kong, China
Lionel Messi-1st Goal
Sunday May 1, 2005 - Barcelona, Spain
Facebook, Inc.-Accel Partners Invested $12.7 Million In Facebook
May, 2005 - Palo Alto, California, U.S.
Adidas-Adidas Sold Salomon Group
Tuesday May 3, 2005 - France
Prince Harry-Entering The Royal Military Academy Sandhurst
Sunday May 8, 2005 - Camberley, England
DC Comics-A New logo (dubbed the "DC spin")
Sunday May 8, 2005 - U.S.
George W. Bush-Assassination attempt
Tuesday May 10, 2005 - Tbilisi, Georgia
X-box-Xbox 360 was official unveil
Friday May 13, 2005 - Redmond, Washington, United States
SARS Coronavirus (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome)-Status of SARS as of May 15, 2005
Sunday May 15, 2005 - New York, U.S.
YouTube-Beta test
May, 2005 - California, U.S.
World Trade Organization-Paris Negotiations
May, 2005 - Paris, France
Microprocessor-The Intel Pentium D
Wednesday May 25, 2005 - California, U.S.
Lionel Messi-Spanish Citizenship
Thursday May 26, 2005 - Spain
Justin Trudeau-Marriage
Saturday May 28, 2005 - Montreal, Canada
Angela Merkel-Winning the CDU/CSU nomination
Monday May 30, 2005 - Germany
George W. Bush-Texas Air National Guard Service
Jun, 2005 - Texas, U.S.
Colombian conflict-A Boy Matching Emmanuel's Description
Jun, 2005 - San José Del Guaviare, San José del Guaviare, Guaviare, Colombia
World Bank-Paul Dundes Wolfowitz served as the President of the World Bank
Wednesday Jun 1, 2005 - Washington D.C., U.S.
DC Comics-Batman Begins film was released
Wednesday Jun 15, 2005 - U.S.
Shaquille O'Neal-O'Neal played in 73 games
2005 - U.S.
Reddit-Reddit was foundated
Thursday Jun 23, 2005 - San Francisco, California, United States
Reddit-The idea of Reddit originated
2005 - Virginia, U.S.
Lionel Messi-First Contract
Friday Jun 24, 2005 - Barcelona, Spain
Angelina Jolie-Mr. & Mrs. Smith
Jun, 2005 - United States
Ronaldinho-Confederations Cup title
Wednesday Jun 29, 2005 - Waldstadion, Frankfurt, Germany
Bank of America-Bank of America announced it would purchase credit card giant MBNA
Thursday Jun 30, 2005 - Wilmington, Delaware, U.S.
Android-Google acquired Android
Jul, 2005 - Mountain View, California, U.S.
Angelina Jolie-Zahara Marley
Wednesday Jul 6, 2005 - Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Rafael Nadal-Rankin no.2
Monday Jul 25, 2005 - Spain
Angelina Jolie-Cambodian Citizenship
Sunday Jul 31, 2005 - Cambodia
Adidas-Adidas Declared Its Intention To Buy Reebok
Aug, 2005 - Herzogenaurach, Germany
Diego Maradona-Maradona back to Boca
Monday Aug 1, 2005 - Buenos Aires, Argentina
Virat Kohli-Becoming the highest run-scorer
2005 - Delhi, India
Catherine, Duchess of Cambridge-The Graduation
2005 - Fife, Scotland, United Kingdom
Zara-Ortega passed the Chairman title
Sunday Aug 7, 2005 at 10:51:00 AM - Municipality of Arteixo, Spain
Jacinda Ardern-Working for Tony Blair
2005 - London, England, United Kingdom
Diego Maradona-La Noche del 10
Monday Aug 15, 2005 - Buenos Aires, Argentina
Bart Millard-Hymned No. 1
Tuesday Aug 16, 2005 - U.S.
Lionel Messi-International Team debut
Wednesday Aug 17, 2005 - Budapest, Hungary
Netflix-1 million DVDs
2005 - U.S.